Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the prevalence range of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in primary care settings?
What is the prevalence range of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in primary care settings?
What is the mean age of onset for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
What is the mean age of onset for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
According to the DSM-5 criteria, how long should excessive anxiety and worry occur for a diagnosis of GAD?
According to the DSM-5 criteria, how long should excessive anxiety and worry occur for a diagnosis of GAD?
What is a common risk factor for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
What is a common risk factor for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the associated symptoms of anxiety concerning everyday or routine circumstances in GAD?
Which of the following is NOT one of the associated symptoms of anxiety concerning everyday or routine circumstances in GAD?
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What percentage of individuals with GAD may develop major depression according to the text?
What percentage of individuals with GAD may develop major depression according to the text?
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What is the key difference between fear and phobia?
What is the key difference between fear and phobia?
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Which of the following is considered an organic cause of anxiety?
Which of the following is considered an organic cause of anxiety?
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In Anxiety Disorders, which condition involves a distressing emotional state of nervousness and unease?
In Anxiety Disorders, which condition involves a distressing emotional state of nervousness and unease?
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Which of the following is NOT a trauma- and stressor-related disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a trauma- and stressor-related disorder?
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What is a common symptom of organic causes of anxiety related to endocrine issues?
What is a common symptom of organic causes of anxiety related to endocrine issues?
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Which disorder involves an excessive fear response to a specific object or situation that leads to significant dysfunction due to avoidance behavior?
Which disorder involves an excessive fear response to a specific object or situation that leads to significant dysfunction due to avoidance behavior?
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Study Notes
Mental Status Exam (MSE)
- Appearance and behavior: may present as well-kempt or disheveled
- Motor activity: may have psychomotor agitation (e.g. hand-wringing, pacing, fidgeting, inability to sit still)
- Speech: may be fast or pressured
- Affect and mood: may describe feelings of anxiety, nervousness, and unease
Anxiety Disorders
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): excessive worry about everyday issues and situations almost daily for 6 months or more
- Prevalence: 8-31.2% in primary care, mean age of onset: 30 years
- Risk factors: dysregulation of worry, genetics, female gender, adverse life events
- Diagnosis: by clinical interview (according to DSM-5 criteria), screening tool: GAD-7
- Management: patient education, referral to psychotherapy, psychiatry
- Prognosis: 43% may develop major depression, 20-25% increased risk of suicide
GAD - DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria
- A. Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities
- B. Difficulty controlling the worry
- C. Anxiety and worry associated with 3 or more of the following:
- Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
- Being easily fatigued
- Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
- Irritability
- Muscle tension
- Sleep disturbance
Other Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Disorder (PD)
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Various phobia-related disorders (e.g. simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia)
Considerations
- Trauma- and stressor-related disorders: Stress, Adjustment Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder
- Organic causes of anxiety: endocrine disorders (e.g. Hyperthyroidism, Pheochromocytoma, Hyperparathyroidism), cardiopulmonary disorders (e.g. Heart failure, Arrhythmias, Asthma or COPD), neurologic disorders (e.g. Temporal lobe epilepsy, Transient Ischemic Attacks), medication-related anxiety (e.g. corticosteroids, cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine; withdrawal)
Basic Terminology
- Fear: an emotional, physical, and behavioral response to an immediately recognizable external threat (within normal or typical range)
- Phobia: an excessive fear response to a specific object or situation that is out of proportion to the actual danger, causing significant dysfunction due to avoidance behavior
- Anxiety: a distressing, unpleasant emotional state of nervousness and unease, with causes less clear and timing less tied to a threat (anticipatory, persistent, none identifiable)
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Description
This quiz covers the components of a Mental Status Exam (MSE) including Appearance, Behavior, Speech, Thought Process, Perception, and more. It also explores different Anxiety Disorders such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and various phobia-related disorders. Additionally, trauma- and stressor-related disorders are discussed.
