Mental Maths - Chapter 1: Heart of Algebra
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Questions and Answers

Using interpolation, what is the estimated value of f(24.75) given the points (24, 81) and (25, 93)?

  • 84
  • 82
  • 90
  • 87 (correct)

Which set of sides can form a right triangle?

  • 4, 5, 6
  • 5, 12, 13 (correct)
  • 5, 10, 12
  • 8, 10, 12

Which trigonometric ratio corresponds to the cosine of an angle in a right triangle?

  • Adjacent / Hypotenuse (correct)
  • Opposite / Adjacent
  • Hypotenuse / Adjacent
  • Opposite / Hypotenuse

What is the length of the missing side 'c' in a right triangle if the other sides are 8 and 15?

<p>17 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If angle X has a cosine value of 0.6, what is one possible length relationship in a right triangle?

<p>Adjacent = 4, Hypotenuse = 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest form of the fraction that represents the decimal 0.04?

<p>1/25 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of solving the equation x + 7 = -7 + 3x?

<p>-5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the ratio of apples to oranges is 2:3 and there are 10 apples, how many oranges are there?

<p>15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is used to convert a decimal number by a power of 10?

<p>Multiply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fractions cannot be converted into a terminating decimal?

<p>1/3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dividing a decimal number by powers of 10?

<p>It shifts the decimal point to the left (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a fraction whose decimal representation ends after a finite number of digits?

<p>Terminating decimal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the ratio of two quantities is 4:5 and one quantity is 40, what is the total quantity?

<p>100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of simplifying the expression $25/5 + 3 \times 7$?

<p>26 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the square of the number 9?

<p>81 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which expression represents $3^3$?

<p>$3 \times 3 \times 3$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cube root of 1000?

<p>10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a square has an area of 144 cm², what is the length of each side?

<p>12 cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following numbers is the cube of 4?

<p>64 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of $8 + 3 \times 4 - 2$?

<p>14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the square root of 144?

<p>12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of a square with a side length of 5 cm?

<p>25 cm² (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a rectangle has a length of 8 cm and a width of 3 cm, what is its area?

<p>24 cm² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the volume of a prism with a base area of 10 cm² and a height of 4 cm?

<p>40 cm³ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the slope of a line that passes through the points (2, 4) and (5, 10)?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a quadratic function, what represents the minimum value if the parabola opens upwards?

<p>The vertex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a quadratic function has the vertex at (3, -2), what type of value does the function reach at this point?

<p>Minimum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an exponential function that represents growth?

<p>The base is greater than 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the slope of a line that represents a decrease as it moves from left to right?

<p>Negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a leap year?

<p>2020 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convert 150 seconds into minutes.

<p>2 min 30 sec (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many days are there in 3 months assuming each month has 30 days?

<p>90 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of each interior angle of a regular pentagon?

<p>108° (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a triangle has angles measuring 50° and 60°, what is the measure of the third angle?

<p>70° (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the area of a circle with a radius of 7 cm.

<p>154 cm² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between hours and days in terms of time measurement?

<p>24 hours equals 1 day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many degrees are in the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon?

<p>720° (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the ratio of red fish to blue fish in a tank is 3:5 and there are 20 blue fish, how many red fish are there?

<p>12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A shirt priced at 85 AED is marked down by 20%. What is the new price of the shirt?

<p>68 AED (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these must be true about rates and ratios?

<p>Ratios compare quantities in the same units, while rates compare quantities in different units. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have a graph showing the number of pets owned, which statement is true?

<p>Graphs can help determine the total number of pets in a category. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many hours are in a decade?

<p>87,600 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a percentage correctly?

<p>0.25 = 25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the cost of a single item is 50 AED and the total cost for 3 items is 150 AED, what concept does this demonstrate?

<p>This demonstrates the relationship between unit cost and total cost. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a rate and a ratio?

<p>A ratio compares quantities in the same units, while a rate compares quantities in different units. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

BODMAS

A set of rules that determines the order of operations in a mathematical expression. It stands for Brackets, Orders (powers and roots), Division and Multiplication (done from left to right), Addition and Subtraction (done from left to right).

Square of a number

The result of multiplying a number by itself.

Square root of a number

The opposite of squaring a number. Finding a number that, when multiplied by itself, equals the original number.

Cube of a number

The result of multiplying a number by itself three times.

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Cubic root of a number

The opposite of cubing a number. Finding a number that, when multiplied by itself three times, equals the original number.

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Numerical expression

A mathematical expression that involves addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It can also include brackets, powers, and roots.

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Simplifying a numerical expression

The process of simplifying a numerical expression by performing the operations in the correct order.

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Cube

A three-dimensional shape with six square faces, all of equal size.

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Ratio

A ratio compares two quantities of the same unit.

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Proportion

A proportion is an equation stating that two ratios are equal.

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Rate

A rate compares two quantities with different units.

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Total Quantity Calculation

Calculating the total quantity when the ratio and one term's value are given.

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Decimal to Fraction

Converting a decimal to a fraction in its simplest form.

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Decimal Multiplication by Powers of 10

Multiplying a decimal number by powers of 10.

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Decimal Division by Powers of 10

Dividing a decimal number by powers of 10.

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Linear Equations

Solving simple linear equations involving one unknown variable by using inverse operations.

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What is a ratio?

A ratio compares two quantities of the same unit. It shows how much one quantity is compared to another.

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What is a proportion?

A proportion is an equation stating that two ratios are equal. It shows that two different quantities are related in the same way.

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What is a rate?

A rate compares two quantities of different units. It shows how much of one quantity changes with respect to another.

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What is a percentage?

A percentage represents a part of a whole, expressed as a fraction of 100.

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Explain reverse percentages.

Reverse percentage calculations involve finding the original value when a percentage change is given.

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What are graphs used for?

Graphs visually represent data and relationships between variables. They use coordinates to show the relationship.

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What are units of time?

Units of time measure the duration of events. Common units include seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years, decades, centuries, and millennia.

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What does handling data mean?

Handling data involves organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data using various methods and tools.

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Leap Year

A year that is divisible by 4, but not by 100, unless it is also divisible by 400.

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Time Units Relationship

The relationship between seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, and years is that they all measure time. They are hierarchical, with years being the longest and seconds being the shortest.

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Time Unit Conversion

Converting units of time involves changing from one unit to another, like converting minutes to hours or days to weeks.

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Time Addition and Subtraction

Adding or subtracting time values involves following specific rules for carrying over or borrowing values, depending on the units involved.

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Area of a Circle

Finding the area of a circle requires using the formula: Area = π * r^2, where π is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.14 and r is the radius of the circle.

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Triangles in Circles

A triangle inside a circle may have characteristics such as being inscribed (vertices on the circle) or circumscribed (circle touches all sides).

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Sum of Interior Angles in Polygons

The sum of the interior angles of a polygon can be calculated using the formula: (n-2) * 180°, where n is the number of sides of the polygon.

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Interior Angle of a Regular Polygon

In a regular polygon, all sides and angles are equal. The measure of each interior angle can be calculated using the formula: ((n - 2) * 180°) / n, where n is the number of sides.

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Interpolation

A method for estimating unknown values within a given range of data points.

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Pythagorean Theorem

A theorem that states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

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Trigonometry

The study of relationships between angles and sides in right triangles. It uses trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent) that relate to the angle and side lengths.

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Cosine

A trigonometric ratio in a right triangle that is defined as the ratio of the side adjacent to the angle to the hypotenuse.

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Cos X

The value of the cosine of an angle in a right triangle, calculated by dividing the length of the adjacent side by the length of the hypotenuse.

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Area of a Square

The area of a square is found by multiplying the length of one side by itself. It is measured in square units, such as square centimeters (cm²) or square meters (m²).

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Area of a Rectangle

The area of a rectangle is found by multiplying its length by its width. It is measured in square units.

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Area of a Parallelogram

The area of a parallelogram is found by multiplying its base by its height. It is measured in square units.

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Area of a Trapezoid

The area of a trapezoid is found by multiplying the sum of its parallel sides by its height, then dividing by 2. It is measured in square units.

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Volume of a Prism

The volume of a prism is found by multiplying the area of its base by its height. It is measured in cubic units, such as cubic centimeters (cm³) or cubic meters (m³).

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Slope of a Line

The slope of a straight line is a measure of its steepness. It is calculated by dividing the vertical change (rise) by the horizontal change (run).

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Quadratic Function

A quadratic function is a function that can be written in the form f(x) = ax² + bx + c, where a, b, and c are constants and a ≠ 0. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola.

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Exponential Function

An exponential function is a function that can be written in the form f(x) = a^x, where a is a constant and x is a variable. The graph of an exponential function can either represent growth or decay.

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Study Notes

Mental Maths (Without Calculators) - Chapter 1: Heart of Algebra

  • Learning Objectives: Perform four operations with signed numbers, simplify numerical expressions of whole numbers (no more than three digits), and simplify such expressions including brackets.
  • Four Operations (BODMAS): Key concept for order of operations involving whole numbers.
  • Sample Question (25/5 + 3 x 7): Applying BODMAS, the order of calculations is division, multiplication, and lastly addition. Answer is 21.

Powers and Roots

  • Find the square of whole numbers between 1 and 20: This involves squaring whole numbers from 1 to 20.
  • Represent square root of a number by √: Introduce the square root symbol.
  • Find square roots of whole square numbers: Identifying perfect squares between 1 and 400. This can be by inspection (directly recognizing) or by finding prime factors.
  • Find the cube of whole numbers: Cubing numbers from 1 to 10.
  • Find the cubic root: Determining the cube roots of whole numbers between 1 and 1000.

Decimals and Fractions

  • Operations with fractions and decimals: Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions and decimals.
  • Convert fractions to decimals: Converting fractions that can be converted to terminating decimals to their decimal equivalent form.
  • Convert decimals to fractions: Converting terminating decimals to fractions in simplest form.
  • Multiplying/Dividing decimals by powers of 10: Multiplying and dividing decimal numbers by powers of ten.
  • Multiplying/Dividing decimals by whole numbers: Methods for performing these operations.
  • Solving problems related to decimals: Applying decimal concepts in word problems.
  • Example Question (Converting 0.04 to a fraction): Converting decimal numbers to fractions. The answer is 1/25.
  • Basic Equation Calculation: Solving simple linear equations of the form ax + b = c.

Chapter 2: Statistics and Data Analysis - Ratio, Proportions, and Rates

  • Calculating total quantity given ratio and value of one term: Calculations involving ratios.
  • Calculate values of remaining terms: Calculating unknowns associated with ratios.
  • Proportions and Rates: Key differences and relationships between proportions and rates. Proportions involve numbers of same units, rates involve different units.
  • Sample Question (Ratio of red fish to blue fish): Solving problems involving ratios and a given value of a term.

Percentages

  • Understanding Percentage: Definition, symbol (%), conversion to percentage from fractions and decimal numbers.
  • Reverse Percentages: Solving problems involving reverse percentages.
  • Sample Question (Discounted shirt): Calculating the new price of a shirt given a discount percentage.

Interpreting Graphs

  • Interpreting Relationships from Graphs: Using graphs to find relationships and solve problems based on the coordinates.

Handling Data

  • Units of Time: Identifying units of time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, months).
  • Leap Years: Introduction to leap years.
  • Conversion of Time Units: Converting between different units of time.
  • Operations with Time: Adding and subtracting time in various units.
  • Sample Question (Converting minutes into hours): Converting given time in minutes to hours.

Chapter 3: Geometry

  • Basic Geometric Terms: Understanding fundamentals like the parts of a circle and triangles inside.
  • Circles: Calculating the area of circles.
  • Polygons: Understanding interior, exterior, and central angles in polygons.
  • Regular polygons: Calculating internal angles of regular polygons.
  • Triangles: Working with triangles including characteristics, similarities and areas.
  • Area of 2D shapes: Calculating areas of squares, rectangles, parallelograms, and more.
  • Sample Questions (Finding the value of X based on an angle): Finding unknown measurements in geometrical figures.
  • Sample Question (Calculating the area of a triangle): Calculating areas of geometric figures.

Chapter 4: Advanced Mathematics

  • Slopes and Equations of Lines: Finding slopes of lines, understanding the shape of the line based on the graph.
  • Characteristics of Quadratic and Exponential Functions: Understanding properties of quadratic and exponential functions, and determining growth/decay.
  • Sample Questions (Involving Slopes of Lines): Calculating slopes of lines and applying this to problems.
  • Sample Questions (Finding the area of a trapezoid): Demonstrating how to calculate areas of commonly encountered 2D shapes.
  • Sample Questions (Finding the volume of a prism): Calculations involving the volume of 3D shapes.
  • Interpolation Formula: Using interpolation to estimate values based on known data points.
  • Pythagorean Theorem: Identifying and calculating sides of right-angled triangles.
  • Trigonometry in right triangles: Calculating trigonometric ratios and using them to solve problems involving sides and angles.
  • Sample Questions (Cos X): Calculations involving cosine and finding angles.

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Test your knowledge on performing operations with signed numbers, simplifying numerical expressions, and understanding the order of operations in this quiz focused on mental maths. You will also explore powers and roots, squaring numbers, and identifying perfect squares.

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