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Questions and Answers
Which type of information is preserved in mental imagery?
What is the clinical relevance of intrusive memories?
Which sensory modalities can be involved in mental imagery?
What is the difference between mental representations and processes?
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What is the debate surrounding mental imagery?
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What is one property that mental imagery shares with pictures?
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What is the relationship between mental imagery and viewpoint?
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Which of the following is NOT a sensory modality that can be involved in mental imagery?
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What is the difference between metric and categorical spatial information in mental imagery?
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What is a potential consequence of intrusive memories?
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According to Kosslyn's analog viewpoint, what are visual mental images analogous to?
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What is the difference between the analog and propositional viewpoint?
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What is functional equivalence?
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What is the purpose of Kosslyn's image scanning experiment?
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What is the conclusion of the mental rotation of 3D objects experiment by Shepard and Metzler?
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What is the scaling of mental images experiment by Chambers and Reisberg testing?
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What is the conclusion of the ambiguous figures experiment by Carmichael, Hogan, and Walters?
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Which viewpoint believes that mental relationships between objects are represented by symbols and not by mental images of the scene?
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What is the difference between visual mental images in the analog and propositional viewpoint?
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What is the main difference between the analog and propositional viewpoint's explanation of mental imagery?
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Kosslyn's analog viewpoint suggests that internal representation is a copy of the external stimulus.
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According to the propositional viewpoint, mental images are made up of physical representations that resemble the objects stored.
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Shepard and Metzler's experiment on mental rotation of 3D objects provided support for the analog theory of mental imagery.
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Chambers and Reisberg's experiment on scaling of mental images showed that people are making judgments for details of target object relative to size of other object.
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Carmichael, Hogan, and Walters' experiment on ambiguous figures provided evidence for the imaginal code overriding the propositional code.
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Study Notes
Mental Imagery
- Mental imagery preserves visual, spatial, and sensory information, including auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic sensory modalities.
- Intrusive memories, which are vivid and unwanted recollections, have clinical relevance in understanding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Mental Representations and Processes
- Mental representations refer to the internal symbols or images that represent objects or concepts, while mental processes refer to the operations performed on these representations.
- The debate surrounding mental imagery concerns the nature of internal representations, with two main viewpoints: analog and propositional.
Analog Viewpoint
- According to Kosslyn's analog viewpoint, visual mental images are analogous to pictures, sharing properties such as spatial resolution and similarity to the external stimulus.
- Mental images are thought to be a copy of the external stimulus, with a one-to-one correspondence between the representation and the object.
- The analog viewpoint suggests that internal representations are continuous and spatial, supporting the idea of functional equivalence.
Propositional Viewpoint
- The propositional viewpoint proposes that mental relationships between objects are represented by symbols and not by mental images of the scene.
- According to this viewpoint, mental images are made up of abstract symbols that do not resemble the objects stored.
Experimental Evidence
- Shepard and Metzler's experiment on mental rotation of 3D objects provided support for the analog theory of mental imagery.
- Chambers and Reisberg's experiment on scaling of mental images showed that people make judgments about the details of a target object relative to the size of another object.
- Carmichael, Hogan, and Walters' experiment on ambiguous figures provided evidence for the imaginal code overriding the propositional code.
Other Key Facts
- Mental imagery shares the property of functional equivalence with pictures.
- The relationship between mental imagery and viewpoint is that the viewpoint can affect the mental image, with different viewpoints resulting in different mental images.
- Olfactory sensations are NOT typically involved in mental imagery.
- Metric spatial information refers to precise spatial information, while categorical spatial information refers to more general spatial information.
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Description
Test your knowledge on mental imagery and its processes with this quiz! Learn about how mental representations of physical objects or events are formed and how they relate to sensory modalities. Explore the properties of mental imagery and the various processes involved in creating and experiencing it.
