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What was a major consequence of the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963?

  • Beginning of deinstitutionalization of mental health services. (correct)
  • Improvement of conditions in psychiatric wards.
  • Expansion of the number of asylums.
  • Increased funding for large hospitals.

What major change occurred in the mental health population from 1955 to 1994?

  • Introduction of antipsychotic medications.
  • 92% decrease in the percentage of hospitalized individuals. (correct)
  • Increase in the number of hospitalized individuals.
  • Increase in the size of mental health institutions.

What were some of the challenges faced by community mental health centers after deinstitutionalization?

  • Staff were well trained to handle severe mental illnesses.
  • Lack of housing, food, and job training for released individuals. (correct)
  • Overwhelming support from the government.
  • Each center was adequately funded.

What symptoms are commonly associated with psychosis?

<p>Hallucinations and delusions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why antipsychotic medications became popular in the 1960s?

<p>They helped control symptoms of psychosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the underfunding of community mental health centers?

<p>Transitioning of patients from large institutions without proper planning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition often plagued psychiatric wards into the late 20th century?

<p>Improper heating leading to freezing temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the state of mental health services prior to deinstitutionalization?

<p>A large number of individuals were institutionalized and treated in psychiatric wards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of older Korean Americans believe that depression is a sign of personal weakness?

<p>71% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What barrier related to language was identified for Korean Americans seeking mental health services?

<p>No Korean-speaking mental health professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the studies referenced, why are individuals from ethnic groups less likely to seek mental health services?

<p>They fear additional stigma and discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do therapists need to develop to effectively treat clients from diverse backgrounds?

<p>Cultural competence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of older Korean Americans reported that having a mentally ill family member would bring shame to the family?

<p>14% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What basic principle is applied in Emmie's treatment for bedwetting?

<p>Counterconditioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aversive conditioning typically involve?

<p>Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about operant conditioning is true?

<p>It is based on reinforcement and punishment strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy technique uses a mild electric shock as part of treatment?

<p>Aversive conditioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the alarm system used in Emmie's therapy?

<p>To wake her up when needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is commonly used alongside aversive conditioning for alcohol dependence?

<p>Antabuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What undesirable behavior might aversive conditioning target?

<p>Smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a likely outcome of repeated exposure to aversive conditioning?

<p>Learning to stop the unwanted behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable benefit of group therapy for sexual abusers?

<p>It provides a space where they can admit and discuss offenses openly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of group is specifically designed to provide educational content?

<p>Psycho-educational groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of memberships can some therapy groups have?

<p>Open membership that permits participants to join or leave as they wish. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a group therapy session, what is the clinician's primary focus?

<p>Guaranteeing that everyone benefits and participates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For children in therapy sessions, where are these commonly held?

<p>In schools mainly but also in therapist offices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant process that occurs during a group therapy session?

<p>Participants reflect on individual problems while others share similar experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes an unstructured group therapy session?

<p>Members decide how to spend their time and what goals to focus on. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of couples therapy?

<p>To help the couple resolve their relationship difficulties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration of treatment generally required to achieve a positive outcome for addiction?

<p>Three months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a holistic factor that treatment should address?

<p>Self-esteem issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of most treatment services for substance-related disorders?

<p>Abstinence or significant reduction in use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is group therapy often used in addiction treatment?

<p>It provides therapeutic benefits such as support and affiliation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of teenagers with substance-related disorders, what is considered vital to the treatment process?

<p>Family participation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of therapy has been found to not show a significant difference in effectiveness when comparing individual and group therapy?

<p>Therapeutic outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit is associated with parental involvement in teen substance abuse treatment?

<p>Greater reduction in substance use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do behavior therapies in addiction treatment primarily aim to do?

<p>Motivate participation and prevent relapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008?

<p>To ensure equal coverage for mental health services compared to physical illnesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of treatment providers is NOT mentioned as offering counseling and therapy?

<p>Certified addiction counselors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of federally designated mental health professional shortage areas are rural?

<p>Around 85% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is NOT listed as a problem for accessing mental health treatment in rural areas?

<p>Home visits by trained professionals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what fraction of individuals with symptoms do not receive any care?

<p>Two-thirds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative was announced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2013?

<p>Investment to improve access to mental health treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are often the first-line mental health providers in many rural areas?

<p>Primary care physicians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is cited as a barrier to mental health care in rural communities?

<p>Stigma associated with mental illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A type of treatment for mental disorders that uses electric stimulation to induce a seizure.

Psychosis

A severe mental illness associated with hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

Deinstitutionalization

The process of transferring mental health patients from institutions to community-based services.

Community Mental Health Center

A type of mental health facility that provides a range of services in local neighborhoods.

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Antipsychotic Medication

A drug that helps reduce the symptoms of certain mental illnesses, especially psychosis.

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Schizophrenia

A mental illness characterized by a disruption in thought processes, emotions, and behavior.

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Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act

The 1963 act that provided funding for community mental health centers, leading to the deinstitutionalization of mental health patients.

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Challenges of Deinstitutionalization

The transition of mental health care from large institutions to community-based services often faced challenges like underfunding, insufficient staff training, and unmet needs for housing and other support services.

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Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008

A law that requires insurance plans to provide equal coverage for mental health and substance use treatment as they do for physical illnesses.

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Mental Health Challenges in Rural Areas

Challenges faced by rural communities in accessing mental health services, including geographical distance, limited providers, and stigma around seeking help.

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Mental Health Treatment Providers

Professionals, such as psychologists, psychiatrists, clinical social workers, and marriage and family therapists, who provide mental health services.

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Stigma of Mental Illness

The perception that mental illness is shameful or embarrassing, leading to reluctance to seek help.

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Financial Barriers to Treatment

The affordability of mental health services, taking into account factors such as co-pays, deductibles, and time off from work.

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Limited Access to Treatment

The availability of mental health professionals in a particular area, especially their concentration in rural or low-income areas.

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Waiting Lists for Treatment

A situation where individuals seeking mental health services have to wait for a long time before they can be seen by a professional.

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Quality of Care for Indigent Patients

The quality of mental health care provided to individuals with limited financial resources, which may be lower due to limited funding and resources.

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Stigma and Mental Health Services

People from ethnic groups who already experience prejudice and discrimination are less likely to seek mental health services due to the added stigma associated with mental illness.

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Cultural Perceptions of Depression

A study on older Korean Americans found that many experienced depressive symptoms, but a significant portion viewed depression as a personal weakness, and some even associated it with family shame.

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Language Barriers in Mental Health

Language barriers can make it difficult for individuals from diverse backgrounds to access mental health services, particularly when there are limited mental health professionals who speak their language.

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Cultural Competence in Therapy

The increasing diversity of populations necessitates that therapists and psychologists acquire cultural competence, which involves understanding and respecting the unique cultural perspectives of clients.

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Culturally Sensitive Therapy

Therapists should approach treatment from the context of the client's unique culture to ensure effective and culturally sensitive care.

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How long is treatment effective for?

Treatment duration is crucial for achieving positive outcomes in substance abuse, typically requiring at least three months.

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What does a holistic approach to addiction treatment mean?

Addressing various aspects of a person's life, beyond just their drug addiction, is key to effective treatment. This includes communication, stress management, relationships, parenting, work and legal issues.

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Why is group therapy popular in addiction treatment?

Group therapy is often preferred for addiction treatment because it provides a supportive environment, promotes community building and helps individuals learn from each other.

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Why is family involvement important in teen drug addiction?

Involving family members in a teenager's substance abuse treatment is crucial. This addresses family dynamics, communication and relapse prevention.

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What's the main goal of addiction treatment?

The primary goal of substance use disorder treatment is to achieve abstinence or at least a significant reduction in drug use.

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What does behavior therapy involve in substance abuse treatment?

Behavior therapy is used in addiction treatment to help motivate individuals, teach coping mechanisms for cravings and prevent relapse.

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Are individual or group therapy more effective for addiction treatment?

The effectiveness of individual therapy and group therapy for addiction treatment is similar, both have their own strengths.

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What's the connection between parental involvement and teen drug use?

Research shows that greater parental involvement in teen substance abuse treatment is associated with reduced drug use in adolescents.

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Psychoeducational groups

Group therapy sessions that incorporate educational content, often focusing on specific topics related to a shared experience, such as coping with a parent's cancer.

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Abuse treatment groups

A type of group therapy where members can feel more comfortable discussing sensitive topics due to the presence of others who are also struggling with similar issues.

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Social skills practice in group therapy

Group therapy can provide opportunities for participants to practice social skills, interact with others, and learn from each other's experiences.

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School-based group therapy

Group therapy sessions can be led by various professionals, including school counselors, psychologists, and social workers, providing support to students facing challenges.

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Individual problem focus in group therapy

When a group focuses on one individual's challenges, it can be beneficial for the entire group as members learn from each other and reflect on their own experiences.

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Couples therapy

Couples therapy involves a therapist working with two people in a relationship who are facing difficulties, aiming to improve communication and resolve conflicts.

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Structured vs Unstructured Groups

Groups can be structured with specific goals, activities, and timeframes or be more unstructured, allowing members to determine the direction and focus.

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Group therapist's role

Group therapy sessions are facilitated by a clinician who ensures all members participate and benefit, preventing the focus from solely being on one individual.

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Classical Conditioning Behavior Therapy

A type of behavior therapy that aims to change unhealthy behaviors by utilizing classical conditioning principles.

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Aversive Conditioning

A technique used in classical conditioning therapy where an unpleasant stimulus is paired with an undesirable behavior to discourage it.

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Antabuse Therapy

A type of aversion therapy commonly used for alcohol addiction, where a drug like Antabuse is used to create unpleasant side effects when alcohol is consumed.

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Counterconditioning

A conditioning technique where a new, desirable response is learned to replace an undesirable behavior.

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Exposure Therapy

An example of counterconditioning where a client is exposed to a stimulus that usually triggers an undesired behavior, with the goal of reducing the negative response.

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Conditioned Response

In classical conditioning, it is the association formed between a previously neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring response.

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Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that begins evoking a conditioned response after it is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

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Unconditioned Response

A naturally occurring response, triggered without prior learning, usually in response to an unconditioned stimulus.

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Study Notes

Mental Illness and Treatment

  • 18.9% of US adults experienced mental illness in 2017
  • 13% of children (ages 8-15) experience mental illness annually
  • 14.8% of adults received mental health treatment in 2017
  • Treatment rates for children with anxiety disorders were lowest
  • Treatment rates for children with ADHD or conduct disorders were higher

Treatment in the Past

  • Mental illness was often attributed to demonic possession, witchcraft, or divine anger
  • Treatments included exorcism, trephining, and execution
  • Some people were considered witches and were killed
  • By the 18th century, asylums housed people with mental illness
  • Treatment in asylums was often inhumane

Mental Health Treatment Today

  • There are community mental health centers across the nation today.
  • There were 558,239 severely mentally ill patients in public hospitals in 1955
  • 92% fewer hospitalized individuals in 1994 than in 1955.
  • 26% of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness
  • Many experience barriers to treatment (e.g., language, culture, lack of insurance, etc.)

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Chapter 16: Mental Health Treatment PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the history and treatment of mental illness. This quiz covers statistics from the past and present, as well as societal perceptions of mental health. Explore how treatment methods have evolved over the years and their impact on individuals.

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