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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of a Local Wellness Advisor?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the mental health and mental illness continuum?
Which organization publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?
Which of the following describes a key aspect of well-being as defined by the Public Health Agency of Canada?
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What are common red flags indicating someone may be in crisis?
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What is a distinguishing feature of bipolar disorder?
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Which statement is true regarding the purpose of early intervention in mental health?
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What is primarily indicated by recurrent thoughts of suicidal behaviors in an individual?
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Which of the following describes a characteristic of borderline personality disorder?
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How do individuals with borderline personality disorder typically view their relationships?
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What emotional state is NOT typically associated with borderline personality disorder?
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What distinguishes an anxiety disorder from normal temporary anxiety?
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What behavior can indicate borderline personality disorder but may also be a sign of a mood disorder when occurring during elevated moods?
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Which symptom indicates a struggle with trusting others in borderline personality disorder?
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What is a common characteristic of disorganized thinking in schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
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Which type of delusion involves the belief that one has exceptional abilities or fame?
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Auditory hallucinations are most commonly experienced as what?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
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What is a common feature of the communication style of individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
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Which of the following statements about hallucinations is accurate?
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Which symptom reflects difficulty in understanding others' perspectives in autism spectrum disorder?
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What are persecutory delusions commonly characterized by?
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Which eating disorder is characterized by a refusal to maintain a healthy body weight and an intense fear of gaining weight?
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What is a common symptom of trauma that may affect eating behaviors?
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Which statement reflects a common misconception that may prevent someone from intervening when a peer shows signs of an eating disorder?
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Which of the following is a potential outcome of nutrition interventions in mental health?
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What is a primary goal of creating a safe space during an intervention?
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Which eating disorder is characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors?
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What is an important verbal behavior when actively listening during an intervention?
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What can food become for individuals with trauma, potentially leading to disordered eating patterns?
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What is NOT considered a way to take care of your mental health as a helper?
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What does mindfulness specifically involve?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of social support?
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Which tool is mentioned as a resource for achieving mindfulness?
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What type of support is considered more important than factors like smoking or exercise?
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Which service provides 24/7 immediate mental health support?
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What is the primary focus of self-care?
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How should someone approach asking for support from their social network?
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Study Notes
Mental Health & Mental Illness Continuum
- The range of mental wellness is a spectrum and not a dichotomy.
- The diagnosis of mental illness is guided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
Bipolar Disorder
- Bipolar disorder is characterized by unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out daily tasks.
- There are three types of bipolar disorder, all involving changes in mood, energy, and activity levels.
Suicidal Ideation
- Suicidal ideation refers to thinking about, considering, or planning suicide.
Personality Disorders
- Personality disorders are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate from cultural expectations.
- These patterns tend to be fixed and consistent across situations, leading to distress or impairment.
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is marked by an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behavior.
- BPD symptoms often result in impulsive actions and problems in relationships.
- People with BPD experience intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety.
- They tend to view things in extremes, which leads to intense and unstable relationships.
Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder
- Intense and unstable relationships swinging between closeness and love (idealization) to dislike or anger (devaluation).
- Distorted and unstable self-image or sense of self.
- Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors like spending sprees, unsafe sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, and binge eating.
- Self-harming behavior like cutting.
- Recurring suicidal thoughts or threats.
- Intense and highly changeable moods lasting from a few hours to days.
- Chronic feelings of emptiness.
- Inappropriate, intense anger or problems controlling anger.
- Difficulty trusting, accompanied by irrational fear of other people's intentions.
- Feelings of dissociation, such as feeling cut off from oneself, seeing oneself from outside one’s body, or feelings of unreality.
Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders involve more than temporary worry or fear.
- The anxiety does not go away and can worsen over time.
Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
- Making little or inconsistent eye contact.
- Having difficulties with the back and forth of conversation.
- Talking at length about a favorite subject without noticing that others are not interested or without giving others a chance to respond.
- Having facial expressions, movements, and gestures that do not match what is being said.
- Having an unusual tone of voice that may sound sing-song or flat and robot-like.
- Having trouble understanding another person’s point of view or being unable to predict or understand other people’s actions.
- Difficulty with multi-commands.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- These are defined by abnormalities in one or more of the following five domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia), and negative symptoms.
Delusions
- Delusions are fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change despite contradicting evidence.
- They may include themes of persecution, reference, somatic experiences, religion, or grandeur.
- Persecutory delusions are the most common, involving the belief that one will be harmed, harassed, etc.
- Referential delusions involve the belief that gestures, comments, and environmental cues are directed at oneself.
- Grandiose delusions involve the belief that one has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame.
Hallucinations
- Hallucinations are perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus.
- They are vivid and clear, with the full force and impact of normal perceptions, and not under voluntary control.
- They can occur in any sensory modality, but auditory hallucinations are the most common in schizophrenia and related disorders.
Disorganized Thinking (Formal Thought Disorder)
- Disorganized thinking is inferred from an individual's speech.
- The individual may switch from one topic to another (derailment or loose associations).
Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating Disorder
- Orthorexia
- Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders (OSFED)
- Avoidant Restrictive Intake Disorder (ARFID)
- Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (UFED)
- Rumination Disorder
Trauma and Nutrition
- Trauma is distinct from PTSD, representing a lived experience rather than a clinical disorder.
- A third of people with trauma will develop PTSD.
- Trauma and PTSD can lead to an unhealthy relationship with food, compromised nutritional status, and various forms of disordered eating.
- Food addiction, or Binge Eating Disorder, can be associated with trauma.
Nutrition and Mental Health
- Nutrition interventions can reduce nutrition-related side effects of psychiatric medications.
- Improve self-management of health conditions.
- Enhance mental and physical health.
- Enhance social inclusion.
- Increase self-reliance.
- Increase food security.
- Lead to a healthier body image.
Barriers to Intervention
- "If I ask it may make it worse."
- "I will wait for them to bring it up."
- "I will say the wrong thing."
Intervention
- Provide a safe space.
- Initiate contact.
- Actively listen.
- Understand roles and collaboration.
The Value of a Safe Space
- Hold space for the person in distress.
- Validate their need for support.
- Show warmth while respecting boundaries.
- Be there to support, not save.
Initiating Contact
- Identify behavior objectively by saying, "I am concerned about changes I’ve seen in you…”
- Or, "This behavior seems really different for you…”
- Or, “Can we talk about what it going on…”
Actively Listening
- Engage in verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
- Ask open questions.
- Normalize and validate.
Understanding Roles & Maximizing Collaboration
- Collaborate to enhance the well-being of clients.
Boundaries
- Joy comes first: "We do not rise by lifting others."
- Focus on how we are, not what we do.
Order and Liability
- Adhere to organizational expectations.
- Understand the systems perspective.
- Follow your own compass.
Self-Care
- Self-care
- Mindfulness
- Compassion
- Support
Self-Care
- Self-care is essential for maintaining positive mental health as a helper.
Mindfulness
- Being aware in a purposeful, present moment, non-judgmental way is crucial for well-being.
- Mindfulness tools: Calm, Headspace, Down Dog, RespiRelax.
Compassion
- Compassion is essential for helping and taking care of others.
Support
- Friends and Family support helps with mental and physical well-being.
- Professionals also offer support and resources.
- Social support increases health, decreases depression, leads to a longer lifespan, and increases immune function.
Resources
- Montreal Suicide Prevention Center (CPSM): https://cpsmontreal.ca 1-866-277-3553 or SMS 535353
- West-Island Crisis Center: 514-684-6160
- Ami-Quebec: 514-636-6885
- 811– info santé
Off-campus Virtual Services
- Mental Health Support: Keep Me Safe (24/7)- 1-844-451-9700 or Telus Health Student Support app.
Student Wellness Hub
- Book with an Access Advisor online.
- Book with a counselor by calling 514-398-6017.
- Phone lines open Monday-Friday (8:30-3:30).
- Visit Centennial Center Student Services to book an appointment with the Macdonald Campus counselor.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the mental health continuum, bipolar disorder, suicidal ideation, and personality disorders. Explore the characteristics of these mental health issues, including their diagnosis and impact on daily life.
