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Questions and Answers
Which condition is specifically associated with cocaine use during pregnancy?
Which condition is specifically associated with cocaine use during pregnancy?
What is a likely outcome for a newborn exposed to opioids in utero?
What is a likely outcome for a newborn exposed to opioids in utero?
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of tobacco use during pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of tobacco use during pregnancy?
What effect does methamphetamine have on pregnancy outcomes?
What effect does methamphetamine have on pregnancy outcomes?
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Which of the following is a concern regarding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a concern regarding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy?
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Which mental health disorder is NOT typically identified during the perinatal period?
Which mental health disorder is NOT typically identified during the perinatal period?
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What distinguishes postpartum blues from postpartum depression?
What distinguishes postpartum blues from postpartum depression?
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Which is a common risk factor for postpartum psychosis?
Which is a common risk factor for postpartum psychosis?
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Which chapter primarily discusses mental health disorders occurring in the perinatal period?
Which chapter primarily discusses mental health disorders occurring in the perinatal period?
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What is a key feature of postpartum blues?
What is a key feature of postpartum blues?
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What is NOT an objective of the content provided?
What is NOT an objective of the content provided?
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In which chapters can information about postpartum mental health issues be found?
In which chapters can information about postpartum mental health issues be found?
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Which symptom is characteristic of postpartum depression but not postpartum blues?
Which symptom is characteristic of postpartum depression but not postpartum blues?
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What is the known impact of prenatal exposure to alcohol?
What is the known impact of prenatal exposure to alcohol?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
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Which of the following symptoms may indicate a newborn has been exposed to cocaine in utero?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate a newborn has been exposed to cocaine in utero?
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What is a potential effect of prenatal marijuana exposure according to recent findings?
What is a potential effect of prenatal marijuana exposure according to recent findings?
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Which condition is strongly associated with the use of cocaine during pregnancy?
Which condition is strongly associated with the use of cocaine during pregnancy?
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What is a common symptom observed in infants immediately after exposure to cocaine?
What is a common symptom observed in infants immediately after exposure to cocaine?
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What does THC exposure during pregnancy likely affect in newborns?
What does THC exposure during pregnancy likely affect in newborns?
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Which withdrawal symptom is NOT typically associated with infants after being exposed to alcohol in utero?
Which withdrawal symptom is NOT typically associated with infants after being exposed to alcohol in utero?
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Which intervention is highlighted as the most effective for calming infants experiencing NAS?
Which intervention is highlighted as the most effective for calming infants experiencing NAS?
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What does the 'E' in the 'ESC' approach stand for when caring for infants experiencing NAS?
What does the 'E' in the 'ESC' approach stand for when caring for infants experiencing NAS?
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How should an infant experiencing NAS be fed to minimize choking?
How should an infant experiencing NAS be fed to minimize choking?
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What is a common nursing diagnosis for an infant experiencing drug withdrawal?
What is a common nursing diagnosis for an infant experiencing drug withdrawal?
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What should be avoided during the feeding of an infant with NAS?
What should be avoided during the feeding of an infant with NAS?
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What is the recommended goal for consoling an infant during withdrawal?
What is the recommended goal for consoling an infant during withdrawal?
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What is a major focus in the care of an infant with NAS besides pharmacological treatment?
What is a major focus in the care of an infant with NAS besides pharmacological treatment?
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Which of the following is an indicator of stress in an infant experiencing NAS?
Which of the following is an indicator of stress in an infant experiencing NAS?
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What kind of environment is recommended for infants experiencing NAS?
What kind of environment is recommended for infants experiencing NAS?
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What approach emphasizes non-judgmental care for infants with NAS and their mothers?
What approach emphasizes non-judgmental care for infants with NAS and their mothers?
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What is the maximum score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)?
What is the maximum score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)?
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What is a significant risk factor for the development of postpartum depression (PPD)?
What is a significant risk factor for the development of postpartum depression (PPD)?
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What is the primary difference between baby blues and postpartum depression?
What is the primary difference between baby blues and postpartum depression?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of perinatal mood disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a type of perinatal mood disorder?
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What intervention is an alternative to medication for managing postpartum depression?
What intervention is an alternative to medication for managing postpartum depression?
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Which statement about postpartum psychosis is true?
Which statement about postpartum psychosis is true?
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What percentage of postpartum individuals experience baby blues?
What percentage of postpartum individuals experience baby blues?
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Which of the following factors can trigger anxiety disorders during the perinatal period?
Which of the following factors can trigger anxiety disorders during the perinatal period?
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What common symptom might indicate someone is experiencing postpartum depression?
What common symptom might indicate someone is experiencing postpartum depression?
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What is a common misunderstood aspect of postpartum depression?
What is a common misunderstood aspect of postpartum depression?
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What is a common barrier to treatment for substance abuse during pregnancy?
What is a common barrier to treatment for substance abuse during pregnancy?
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When does postpartum depression typically occur following childbirth?
When does postpartum depression typically occur following childbirth?
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Which of the following describes a characteristic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during the perinatal period?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during the perinatal period?
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What is the guideline for follow-up assessments after the EPDS in postpartum care?
What is the guideline for follow-up assessments after the EPDS in postpartum care?
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Study Notes
Mental Health Disorders in Pregnancy
- Perinatal Mental Health Disorders (PMDs) affect up to 15% of pregnancies, impacting the pregnant person, infant, and family.
- Antidepressant use in pregnancy doubled in the last 15 years, with 6%-13% of pregnant women prescribed antidepressants.
- Postpartum Depression (PPD) affects 1 in 7 women, and a history of anxiety or mood disorder significantly increases the risk.
- Risk Factors for PPD: history of anxiety or mood disorder, onset of depression during pregnancy, previous PPD diagnosis, trauma, pregnancy complications, preterm/ill newborn, substance abuse, intimate partner violence, young age, socioeconomic inequality, stressful life events.
- Baby Blues affect 85% of postpartum people, lasting less than 2 weeks and characterized by sadness, overwhelm, loss of appetite, sleep difficulties, and crying spells.
- Postpartum Depression (PPD) with psychotic features includes auditory and visual hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, delirium, and disorientation, which is a psychiatric emergency.
- Postpartum Psychosis is often associated with preexisting bipolar disorder.
- Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a commonly used assessment for postpartum women before discharge but needs follow-up at the infant’s 1, 2, and 4-month follow-up.
- Untreated PPD can lead to difficult infant/childhood temperament, developmental delays, and lower infant/child IQ.
Substance Abuse During Pregnancy
- Substance abuse during pregnancy poses significant risks to both the mother and the fetus.
- Tobacco during pregnancy can cause blood clots, respiratory complications, miscarriage, preterm labor, placenta previa, and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR).
- Cocaine and Methamphetamine are teratogens, crossing the placenta and blood-brain barrier, leading to miscarriage, preterm labor, placental abruption, low birth weight, and Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD).
- Opioids rapidly cross the placenta, leading to withdrawal symptoms in the newborn (Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome).
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome includes growth restriction, CNS malfunction, and characteristic craniofacial features.
- Cocaine and Amphetamines are linked to placental abruption, IUGR, low birth weight, and prematurity.
- Marijuana use is on the rise, with THC crossing the placenta and remaining in the body for 30 days, potentially leading to growth restriction and preterm birth.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
- NAS is a common symptom for infants exposed to opioids during pregnancy.
- Skin-to-skin contact is the best intervention to calm infants experiencing NAS.
- “ESC” approach (Eat, Sleep, Console) aims to reduce pharmacological interventions for NAS.
- Swaddling, upright feeding position, minimizing stimuli, and calming music are essential components of NAS care.
- Nursing diagnoses for infants experiencing NAS include risk for injury, imbalanced nutrition, risk for deficient fluid volume, and ineffective maternal coping.
Nursing Considerations
- Respect, compassion, and support are paramount in caring for pregnant and postpartum women struggling with mental health disorders and substance use.
- Pre-natal planning with education, social support, and pharmacological treatment is crucial for pregnant women with substance use disorders.
- Breastfeeding, when appropriate, should be encouraged and supported.
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Description
This quiz explores the impact of perinatal mental health disorders, including postpartum depression and baby blues, on pregnant individuals and families. You'll learn about risk factors, prevalence, and the role of antidepressants during pregnancy. Test your knowledge and understand the importance of mental health in the perinatal period.
