Mental Health and DSM-5 Overview
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Mental Health and DSM-5 Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of factor considered in the diagnosis of mental disorders?

  • Precipitating factors
  • Protective factors
  • Predisposing factors
  • Superficial factors (correct)

    • Diagnosis of mental disorders can be solely based on the DSM-5 criteria without considering clinical judgment.

    False

    What does the DSM-5 help clinicians to determine in regards to mental health disorders?

    It helps clinicians to identify and classify thoughts and behaviors.

    The DSM-5 defines a mental disorder as a clinically significant behavioral or psychological __________.

    <p>syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about mental health and illness?

    <p>They exist on a continuum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 can capture all scales of severity and abnormality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cultural context important in diagnosing mental health disorders?

    <p>Cultural context impacts assessments of functioning and individual experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Predisposing factors = Elements that increase the likelihood of developing a disorder Precipitating factors = Events that trigger the onset of a disorder Perpetuating factors = Elements that maintain or worsen a disorder Protective factors = Elements that reduce the risk of developing a disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic behavior during a manic episode of Bipolar 1 disorder?

    <p>Increased talkativeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of delusion involves the belief that one possesses exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame?

    <p>Grandiose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with Bipolar 1 disorder blame their manic episodes on external factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the less severe period of unusual happiness and energy called in Bipolar 1 disorder?

    <p>Hypomanic episode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Auditory hallucinations are the most common type of hallucination experienced.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes disorganized speech in individuals?

    <p>Derailment, loose associations, and incoherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a major depression phase, individuals may experience feelings of __________.

    <p>sadness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptoms with the correct phase of Bipolar disorder:

    <p>Manic Episode = Over-spending and taking risks Hypomanic Episode = Less severe and better functioning Major Depression = Feeling hopeless and withdrawing from loved ones Depressive Episode = Inability to concentrate and sleep disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A belief that another person is in love with oneself is known as __________ delusion.

    <p>erotomanic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a manic episode in Bipolar 1?

    <p>Excessive sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of hallucination with its description:

    <p>Auditory = Voices perceived as distinct from one's own thoughts Visual = Seeing something that isn't present Olfactory = Smelling scents that have no physical source Tactile = Feeling sensations on or under the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of hallucinations?

    <p>Are under voluntary control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bipolar 2 disorder includes both hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nihilistic delusions involve the belief that one is seriously ill.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common symptom of major depression?

    <p>Tired constantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People experiencing a manic episode may __________ to their family.

    <p>neglect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation in evaluating disorganized speech in individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds?

    <p>Cultural differences in communication styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hallucinations must occur in a clear conscious state, ruling out those that happen when __________ or __________.

    <p>falling asleep, waking up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Manic Episode = A period of extremely elevated mood and activity Hypomanic Episode = A less severe but elevated mood with better functioning Major Depression = A state of feeling sad and empty most of the time Bipolar Disorder = A mental health condition marked by mood swings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms best describes speech that is nearly incomprehensible and indicative of severe disorganized thought?

    <p>Incoherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is NOT associated with a sense of entitlement?

    <p>Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder often have stable and consistent self-images.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one self-damaging area of impulsivity often seen in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder.

    <p>Substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A recurrent pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships may involve alternating between idealization and ______.

    <p>devaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to Borderline Personality Disorder with their definitions:

    <p>Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment = An attempt to prevent perceived or real loss of relationships Affective instability = Marked reactivity of mood Chronic feelings of emptiness = Persistent sense of void or lack of fulfillment Impulsivity = Engaging in risky behaviors without forethought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by dramatic and erratic behavior?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Avoidant Personality Disorder is classified under Cluster B.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one personality disorder that falls under Cluster A.

    <p>Paranoid PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ PD is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships.

    <p>Schizoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the personality disorders with their corresponding cluster:

    <p>Antisocial PD = Cluster B Narcissistic PD = Cluster B Avoidant PD = Cluster C Paranoid PD = Cluster A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one goal of therapeutic support for individuals with personality disorders?

    <p>To develop routine and predictability in treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Empathetic respect is a key component of therapeutic support.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior does Cluster C encompass?

    <p>Anxious/fearful behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ focus on emotional state helps in understanding negative experiences.

    <p>Active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of emotional experiences with their therapy-related goals:

    <p>Negative emotional experiences = Understand the impact on well-being Risk management = Collaborative support Routine development = Establish predictability in treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mental health on a Continuum

    • Mental health exists on a continuum
    • Current diagnoses are based on symptoms
    • Diagnoses should not be based on rigid checklists
    • Diagnosis should include both objective and subjective information to determine impact.
    • Diagnosis helps to classify thoughts and behaviors.

    DSM-5 Definition of Mental Disorder

    • Clinically significant disturbance
    • Behavioral or psychological syndrome
    • Associated with distress or disability
    • Significant loss of freedom

    Psychotic Symptoms

    • Delusions: False beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary.
      • Non-bizarre delusions: Not impossible, but unlikely and unsupported by evidence.
      • Grandeur: Belief of exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame.
      • Erotomanic: False belief that another person is in love with them.
      • Nihilistic: Belief that a major catastrophe will occur.
      • Somatic: Preoccupations with health and organ function.
    • Hallucinations: Perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus.
      • Sensory modalities: auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, gustatory, and kinesthetic.
      • Auditory hallucinations are the most common.

    Disorganized Speech

    • Indicates disorganised thought disorder, which is characterized by a lack of coherence and logical connections in speech.
    • Examples
      • Derailment or loose associations: Shifting from one topic to another without prompting or linkage.
      • Tangentiality: Answers to questions are obliquely related or completely unrelated.
      • Incoherence or “word salad”: Speech is so disorganized that it is incomprehensible.

    Bipolar Disorder

    • Bipolar 1 Disorder:
      • Characterized by at least one manic episode, which is a period of unusually elevated or irritable mood, accompanied by increased energy and activity.
      • Often includes:
        • Increased talkativeness & distractibility
        • Racing thoughts
        • Grandiosity
        • Sleep disturbances
        • Risky behaviors
        • Impaired judgment
      • Manic symptoms can lead to significant problems with relationships, work, or finances.
    • Hypomanic Episode:
      • Less severe than a manic episode.
      • Includes increased happiness & energy.
      • People can still function during this period.
    • Major Depressive Episode:
      • Symptoms include sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating.

    Differences between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2

    • Bipolar 1: Defined by at least one manic episode. Can involve hypomanic or depressive episodes.
    • Bipolar 2: Defined by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode. Does not involve a full manic episode.

    Personality Disorders

    • The DSM-5 identifies ten personality disorders in three categories:
      • Cluster A (Odd & Eccentric)
        • Paranoid PD
        • Schizoid PD
        • Schizotypal PD
      • Cluster B (Dramatic, Erratic)
        • Antisocial PD
        • Borderline PD
        • Histrionic PD
        • Narcissistic PD
      • Cluster C (Anxious & Fearful)
        • Avoidant PD
        • Dependent PD
        • Obsessive - Comulsive PD

    Therapeutic Support

    • Nurturing & Respectful Environment:
      • Active & careful focus on emotional state.
      • Empathetic respect and validation.
      • Engagement with understanding the person’s problems.
    • Collaborative Risk Management:
      • People with personality disorders may have a difficult time regulating emotions.
      • Develop routine & predictability in treatment to help manage their emotions.

    Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

    • Key Characteristics:
      • Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
      • Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships.
      • Identity disturbance.
      • Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging.
      • Recurrent suicidal behaviour, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behaviour.
      • Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood.
      • Chronic feelings of emptiness.
      • Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger.

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    Explore the continuum of mental health, focusing on the DSM-5's definition of mental disorders and the nuances of psychotic symptoms. This quiz covers the importance of subjective and objective information in diagnosis, as well as various types of delusions. Test your understanding of how mental health is classified and diagnosed.

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