Menstruation Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of cervical mucus in the late follicular phase?

  • Clear, copious, and elastic (correct)
  • Cloudy and yellowish
  • Scant and viscous
  • Thick and sticky

What is the effect of estrogen produced by the growing follicles on the endometrial epithelium during menstruation?

  • Stimulates the regeneration of the surface endometrial epithelium (correct)
  • Inhibits the regeneration of the surface endometrial epithelium
  • Causes the release of prostaglandins
  • Increases the viscosity of cervical mucus

What is the primary cause of tissue ischemia in the functional endometrial layers during menstruation?

  • Decline in estrogen levels
  • Decreased blood flow to the functional endometrial layers (correct)
  • Release of prostaglandins
  • Increase in progesterone levels

What is the primary component of menstrual fluid?

<p>Desquamated endometrial tissue, red blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and proteolytic enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of menstrual flow?

<p>Four to six days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?

<p>To prepare the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized ovum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant form of inhibin produced during the luteal phase?

<p>Inhibin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in the endometrial glands during the luteal phase?

<p>They become more tortuous and dilated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of the corpus luteum function if the ovum is not fertilized?

<p>9-11 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in the endometrial stroma during the luteal phase?

<p>It becomes more edematous and vascular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen and progesterone in the luteal phase?

<p>To prepare the implantation site in the uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame during which the endometrium is receptive to implantation?

<p>Days 16-22 of a 28-day menstrual cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the decrease in hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy?

<p>Dilution of red blood cells due to increased plasma volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for considering a pregnant woman thrombocytopenic?

<p>Platelet count less than 100 × 109 cells/L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage increase in plasma volume by 34 weeks' gestation?

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the increase in serum estradiol levels during the follicular phase?

<p>Increase in granulosa cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the regeneration of the endometrium during the follicular phase?

<p>Estrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inhibin B during the follicular phase?

<p>Assuring single dominant follicle selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the folliculogenesis begin in the ovarian cycle?

<p>During the last few days of the preceding menstrual cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the endometrium during the follicular phase?

<p>Glands are straight and parallel with little secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of fetal life are all of the 7M primordial follicles formed?

<p>Through mitosis, throughout fetal life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decline in the number of ovarian follicles after puberty?

<p>Recruitment for each menstrual cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age at which the number of ovarian follicles becomes negligible?

<p>50 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the majority of oocytes are lost during fetal life?

<p>Follicular atresia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ovarian follicles?

<p>To develop and produce the mature ovum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of meiosis at which primary oocytes are arrested in the fetal ovary prior to birth?

<p>Diplotene stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event triggers the resumption of meiosis in the primary oocyte, leading to the formation of a secondary oocyte?

<p>LH surge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During oogenesis, how many out of four daughter cells survive?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary regulator of the first phase of follicular development, characterized by the growth and differentiation of the oocyte?

<p>Locally produced growth factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of granulosa cells during the preantral phase of follicular development?

<p>Cuboidal shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the arrest of meiosis in the developing oocyte due to the lack of meiosis-associated proteins?

<p>Meiotic arrest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of follicular development characterized by the appearance of an antral cavity?

<p>Graafian (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the proteins secreted by the oocyte to form the zona pellucida?

<p>Oocyte-secreted proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During oogenesis, what is the fate of the 3 polar bodies that are formed?

<p>They die (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of meiosis at which the secondary oocyte is arrested, awaiting fertilization?

<p>Metaphase II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the follicular phase, which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production of steroidogenic enzymes in granulosa cells?

<p>FSH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rising progesterone levels on cervical mucus after ovulation?

<p>It decreases in quantity and becomes more viscous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of androgens in the ovulation process?

<p>They are converted to estrogens in granulosa cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of GnRH pulses in the menstrual cycle?

<p>To regulate the pattern of gonadotropin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of estrogens and progestins on the hypothalamic neurons?

<p>They exert both positive- and negative-feedback controls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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