Menstruation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of cervical mucus in the late follicular phase?

  • Clear, copious, and elastic (correct)
  • Cloudy and yellowish
  • Scant and viscous
  • Thick and sticky

    • What is the effect of estrogen produced by the growing follicles on the endometrial epithelium during menstruation?

  • Stimulates the regeneration of the surface endometrial epithelium (correct)
  • Inhibits the regeneration of the surface endometrial epithelium
  • Causes the release of prostaglandins
  • Increases the viscosity of cervical mucus

    • What is the primary cause of tissue ischemia in the functional endometrial layers during menstruation?

  • Decline in estrogen levels
  • Decreased blood flow to the functional endometrial layers (correct)
  • Release of prostaglandins
  • Increase in progesterone levels

    • What is the primary component of menstrual fluid?

    <p>Desquamated endometrial tissue, red blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and proteolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate duration of menstrual flow?

    <p>Four to six days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?

    <p>To prepare the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant form of inhibin produced during the luteal phase?

    <p>Inhibin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in the endometrial glands during the luteal phase?

    <p>They become more tortuous and dilated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate duration of the corpus luteum function if the ovum is not fertilized?

    <p>9-11 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in the endometrial stroma during the luteal phase?

    <p>It becomes more edematous and vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of estrogen and progesterone in the luteal phase?

    <p>To prepare the implantation site in the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame during which the endometrium is receptive to implantation?

    <p>Days 16-22 of a 28-day menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the decrease in hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy?

    <p>Dilution of red blood cells due to increased plasma volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for considering a pregnant woman thrombocytopenic?

    <p>Platelet count less than 100 × 109 cells/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage increase in plasma volume by 34 weeks' gestation?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the increase in serum estradiol levels during the follicular phase?

    <p>Increase in granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the regeneration of the endometrium during the follicular phase?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of inhibin B during the follicular phase?

    <p>Assuring single dominant follicle selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the folliculogenesis begin in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>During the last few days of the preceding menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the endometrium during the follicular phase?

    <p>Glands are straight and parallel with little secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of fetal life are all of the 7M primordial follicles formed?

    <p>Through mitosis, throughout fetal life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decline in the number of ovarian follicles after puberty?

    <p>Recruitment for each menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age at which the number of ovarian follicles becomes negligible?

    <p>50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the majority of oocytes are lost during fetal life?

    <p>Follicular atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ovarian follicles?

    <p>To develop and produce the mature ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of meiosis at which primary oocytes are arrested in the fetal ovary prior to birth?

    <p>Diplotene stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event triggers the resumption of meiosis in the primary oocyte, leading to the formation of a secondary oocyte?

    <p>LH surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oogenesis, how many out of four daughter cells survive?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary regulator of the first phase of follicular development, characterized by the growth and differentiation of the oocyte?

    <p>Locally produced growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of granulosa cells during the preantral phase of follicular development?

    <p>Cuboidal shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrest of meiosis in the developing oocyte due to the lack of meiosis-associated proteins?

    <p>Meiotic arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of follicular development characterized by the appearance of an antral cavity?

    <p>Graafian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the proteins secreted by the oocyte to form the zona pellucida?

    <p>Oocyte-secreted proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oogenesis, what is the fate of the 3 polar bodies that are formed?

    <p>They die</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of meiosis at which the secondary oocyte is arrested, awaiting fertilization?

    <p>Metaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the follicular phase, which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production of steroidogenic enzymes in granulosa cells?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of rising progesterone levels on cervical mucus after ovulation?

    <p>It decreases in quantity and becomes more viscous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of androgens in the ovulation process?

    <p>They are converted to estrogens in granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GnRH pulses in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>To regulate the pattern of gonadotropin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of estrogens and progestins on the hypothalamic neurons?

    <p>They exert both positive- and negative-feedback controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

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