40 Questions
During spinal anesthesia, what would be the correct action?
Injecting the medication above the dura
What is the purpose of Ephedrine in epidural anesthesia?
To reverse hypotension
What is the primary action of the nurse when a patient experiences a sudden gush of fluid during pregnancy?
Ask the charge nurse to notify the Obstetrician
What is the correct position of the patient during the transition phase of labor?
Lithotomy
What should the nurse do when a patient's IV fluid needs to be increased?
Wait for doctor's order
What is the normal range of maternal alpha-fetoprotein?
38-45 ng/ml
What is the normal range of fetal heart rate?
100-120 bpm
What does a maternal alpha-fetoprotein level of 35 ng/ml indicate?
Chromosomal aberration
When is Rhogam typically administered to RH-negative mothers?
Within 72 hours after delivery
What does AS INDICATED mean in medical context?
As needed by the patient
What is the primary vital sign that the nurse should monitor when a patient receives epidural anesthesia?
Blood pressure
What is the primary purpose of administering Rhogam to RH-negative mothers?
To prevent isoimmunization
At what time intervals is the APGAR score typically taken?
At 1 minute after birth and at 5 minutes after birth
What is the recommended frequency of tetanus toxoid vaccination booster doses for pregnant women?
Single dose only
What is the significance of the mnemonic device 'CLINIC NURSE' in obstetrics?
It differentiates between chromosomal aberrations and neural tube defects
Why is abstinence not advocated as a family planning method?
It is inhumane and suppresses reproductive rights
Which family planning method is advocated by the Department of Health more than any other means of contraception?
Fertility Awareness Method
What is the primary purpose of the 5-minute APGAR score assessment?
To assess how well the newborn is adjusting to extrauterine life
Why is it recommended to place a newborn on their side during the first week of life?
To reduce the risk of aspiration of secretions
What is the term for the fine hair that covers a newborn's body?
Lanugo
What are the small white papules on a newborn's nose, chin, and forehead called?
Milia
What is the primary reason for closely observing a newborn during the first 24 hours?
To watch for respiratory distress
What is the typical duration for lanugo to disappear in a newborn?
2 weeks
What is the minimum Biparietal diameter of a fetus considered matured?
8.5 cm
What is the term for the vascular tumors of the skin that can occur in newborns?
Hemangiomas
At what week of gestation do multigravid clients experience quickening?
16th week
What is the increase in BPM required for a non-stress test to be considered reactive?
15 BPM
When can the nurse expect to hear the FHR using a fetoscope?
4th month
What is the mechanism that leads to the external manifestation of menstruation?
Decrease in vascularity of the endothelium
What does a maternal serum alpha feto protein of 35 ng/ml indicate?
It is normal
What is the interpretation of a non-stress test result showing an increase from 120 BPM to 135 BPM for 15 seconds?
Reactive
What is the primary cause of menstruation?
Degeneration of the corpus luteum
What is the volume of 4 tablespoons in cubic centimeters?
60 cc
When can the nurse expect to hear FHR using doppler Ultrasound?
8th week
What happens to the endometrium after the absence of progesterone?
It decreases in vascularity
What is the ovulation day for a woman with a 35-day menstrual cycle?
21st day
At what week of gestation do primigravid clients experience quickening?
20th week
What are the fertile days for a woman with a 35-day menstrual cycle?
16th to 26th day
What is the purpose of understanding the fertile days in a woman's menstrual cycle?
To identify the best time for pregnancy
What is the significance of knowing the ovulation day in a woman's menstrual cycle?
To identify the best time for pregnancy
Study Notes
Menstruation and Fertility
- Menstruation occurs due to the degeneration of the corpus luteum, leading to a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.
- This degeneration causes the endometrium to break down, resulting in menstruation around the 25th day of the cycle.
Calculating Fertile Days and Ovulation
- Formula to calculate fertile days and ovulation: Number of days in cycle - 14 = ovulation day, minus 5 days to get the start of fertile period, and plus 5 days to get the end of fertile period.
- Example: For a 35-day cycle, ovulation occurs on the 21st day, and fertile days are from the 16th to 26th day of the cycle.
Fetal Development and Maturation
- The Biparietal diameter (BPD) of a fetus is considered mature at 8.5 cm and at term at 9.6 cm.
Quickening
- Multigravida clients experience quickening around the 16th week of gestation, while primigravida clients experience it around the 20th week.
Non-Stress Test
- A normal non-stress test result is reactive, indicating an increase of 15 BPM in FHR sustained for 15 seconds with every fetal movement.
Fetal Heart Rate and Pregnancy
- The FHR can be heard using a fetoscope at around 4 months of pregnancy.
- The FHR can be heard using Doppler ultrasound as early as 8th week of pregnancy.
Maternal Serum Alpha Feto Protein
- Normal maternal serum alpha feto protein levels are between 38-45 ng/ml.
- Levels below 38 ng/ml indicate chromosomal aberrations, while levels above 45 ng/ml indicate neural tube defects.
RHOGAM and Pregnancy
- RHOGAM is given to RH- mothers who deliver an RH+ fetus to prevent isoimmunization.
Family Planning Methods
- Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) is advocated by the Department of Health as a family planning method.
Epidural Anesthesia
- Ephedrine is not a drug of choice for epidural anesthesia; it is used to reverse the symptoms of hypotension caused by epidural anesthesia.
Newborn Care
- The APGAR score is taken at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth to assess the newborn's initial status and adjusting to extrauterine life.
- The best way to position a newborn during the first week of life is on their side with their head flat on the bed to decrease the risk of aspiration of secretions.
- Milia are small white papules on the newborn's nose, chin, and forehead due to unopened or plugged sebaceous glands.
This quiz covers the mechanism of menstruation, including the role of hormones and the corpus luteum. Test your knowledge of human biology and reproductive systems.
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