Menopause Pharmacotherapy
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of menopause?

  • The first year after menopause
  • The period immediately prior to the cessation of menses
  • The time after menopause has occurred, starting when a woman has not had a period for 6 consecutive months
  • The permanent cessation of menses following the loss of ovarian follicular activity (correct)

    • What is the definition of postmenopause?

  • The first year after menopause
  • The time after menopause has occurred, starting when a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months (correct)
  • The permanent cessation of menses following the loss of ovarian follicular activity
  • The period immediately prior to the menopause and the first year after menopause

    • What is the definition of perimenopause?

  • The period immediately prior to the menopause and the first year after menopause (correct)
  • The permanent cessation of menses following the loss of ovarian follicular activity
  • The time after menopause has occurred, starting when a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months
  • The first year after menopause

    • What is the number of consecutive months without a period required to define postmenopause?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the chapter in Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach that discusses hormone therapy in women?

    <p>Chapter 31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization that provides guidelines for the diagnosis and management of menopause?

    <p>NICE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first-line therapy for patients without VMS?

    <p>Topical vaginal preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may women using high doses of topical estrogen products require intermittent treatment?

    <p>To supplement with a progestogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using estradiol in the form of a vaginal tablet or ring?

    <p>It is not significantly absorbed systemically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition that affects millions of women and is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality and decreased QOL?

    <p>Postmenopausal osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first RCT to demonstrate a reduction in total fractures?

    <p>WHI study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the only vaginal ring indicated for VMS?

    <p>Femring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to FSH levels during menopause?

    <p>They increase 10-15 fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of menopause treatment?

    <p>To improve quality of life while minimizing adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term symptom of menopause?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criterion for menopause?

    <p>FSH levels &gt; 40 mIU/mL (IU/L) for 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy?

    <p>Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should women do when considering therapies for menopause?

    <p>Assess the benefits and risks of all therapies and discuss these options with their health care providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of SERMs in different tissues?

    <p>They act as estrogen agonists and antagonists, depending on the target tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of SERMs in terms of bone health?

    <p>They prevent bone loss and vertebral fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approved indication for ospemifene (Osphena) 60mg PO?

    <p>Treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line therapy for the relief of moderate to severe VMS and vulvovaginal atrophy?

    <p>Estrogen +/– progestogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for women with a uterus taking ospemifene?

    <p>Adding a progestin to ospemifene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be explained to women who are stopping HRT?

    <p>Gradually reducing HRT may limit recurrence of symptoms in the short term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for reassessing women for symptoms after stopping HRT?

    <p>Every 6-12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked in a patient taking HT who remains symptomatic?

    <p>Poor absorption, drug interactions, patch adhesion, and incorrect diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may the dose of oestrogen in HRT need to be adjusted?

    <p>Because the dose may be too low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be encouraged in women taking HRT?

    <p>Breast awareness and participation in screening mammography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in a patient taking HRT?

    <p>Side-effects, blood pressure, weight, and breast awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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