Menopause and Herbal Remedies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended use of Black Cohosh by the German Commission?

  • Treating gastrointestinal discomfort
  • Treating thyroid disorders
  • Treating breast cancer
  • Treating dysmenorrhea (correct)

    • What are the constituents of Black Cohosh?

  • Triterpene glycosides (actein) and cimifugoside (correct)
  • Genistein and daidzein
  • Isoflavones and coumestans
  • Phytoestrogens and glycosides

    • What is a contraindication of Black Cohosh?

  • Breastfeeding mothers
  • Thyroid disorders
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Pregnancy (correct)

    • What is the common side effect of Black Cohosh in larger doses?

    <p>Dizziness, headaches, giddiness, nausea, and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name of Soybean?

    <p>Glycine max</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of phytoestrogens are found in Soybean?

    <p>Isoflavones and coumestans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential drug-herb interaction of Soybean?

    <p>Increasing the dose of thyroid hormone replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name of Red (or pink) clover?

    <p>Trifolium pretense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age for the onset of menopause?

    <p>51 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of herbal treatment for menopause?

    <p>To assist the adjustment to the change and provide symptomatic alleviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered the richest source of estrogenic lignans?

    <p>Linseed (flaxseed)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most distressing symptoms associated with menopause?

    <p>Hot flushes and vaginal dryness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phyto-estrogens in a high-estrogen environment?

    <p>Antiestrogenic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the perimenopause?

    <p>4 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which estrogen receptor is mainly expressed in the prostate, uterus, ovaries, testicles, bones, lungs, and brain?

    <p>ERβ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of phyto-estrogens?

    <p>They have estrogenic activity because they bear some structural similarity to 17-beta-estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ERβ in the cell?

    <p>Cell differentiation and apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using herbal remedies in gynecological conditions?

    <p>In cases where stronger acting drugs are not indicated or are declined by the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isoflavone has a greater binding affinity for ER-beta than for ER-alpha?

    <p>Genistein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of herbal treatment for menopause?

    <p>For several years until the body has adapted to the new hormonal levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of consuming food rich in phytoestrogens on estrogen-dependent conditions?

    <p>Protective effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are phyto-estrogens similar to in structure?

    <p>17-beta-estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a estrogen-dependent disease that may be protected against by consuming phytoestrogens?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binding affinity of isoflavones to estrogen receptors compared to estrogens?

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in cGMP in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>It prolongs an erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name of Yohimbe?

    <p>Pausinystalia johimbe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of yohimbine?

    <p>It is an α-adrenergic blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of using horny goat weed with nitroglycerin?

    <p>It may cause severe drops in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential interaction between Yohimbe and MAOIs?

    <p>It may increase the effects and side effects of MAOIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of using horny goat weed with antihypertensive medications?

    <p>It may decrease blood pressure further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of isoflavones isolated from the leaves of red clover?

    <p>For medicinal purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible side effect of high-dose Biochanin A?

    <p>Increased digoxin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of menstruating women experience disabling premenstrual symptoms?

    <p>2-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of premenstrual syndrome?

    <p>Enhanced sensitivity to progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name of the chaste berry?

    <p>Vitex agnus-castus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of chasteberry in relieving premenstrual syndrome symptoms?

    <p>Showing central dopaminergic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a constituent of chasteberry that is effective in relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?

    <p>Kaempferol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chasteberry on prolactin release?

    <p>Inhibits prolactin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Menopause

    • Menopause is a normal event in a woman's life, marking the end of reproductive lifespan, and should not be regarded as a disease.
    • The average age for menopause is around 51 years, with the perimenopause phase lasting about 4 years.
    • Herbal treatment aims to assist adjustment to this change and provide symptomatic alleviation of estrogen withdrawal effects.

    Symptoms of Menopause

    • Hot flushes and vaginal dryness are the two most distressing symptoms associated with menopause.
    • Other physical symptoms include night sweats, tiredness, and breast tenderness.
    • Psychological symptoms include depression and irritability.

    Phyto-estrogens

    • Phyto-estrogens are phytochemicals with estrogenic activity, interacting with estrogen receptors.
    • Examples of phyto-estrogens include isoflavones (genistein, daidzein) found in legumes like soya beans and red clover, and lignans found in linseed.
    • Phyto-estrogens can have both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects, depending on the estrogen environment.

    Herbal Remedies for Menopause

    • Black cohosh has been used to treat dysmenorrhea and menopausal complaints, with constituents including triterpene glycosides and cimifugoside.
    • Side effects of black cohosh include gastrointestinal discomfort, dizziness, headaches, and nausea.
    • Contraindications for black cohosh include pregnancy, and controversy surrounds its safety in women with a personal history of breast cancer.

    Other Herbs for Menstrual Complaints

    • Chinese Angelica (Dong Quai) contains phyto-estrogens and has been used to treat menstrual irregularities.
    • Maca powder is used to treat menopausal complaints.
    • Soybean contains phyto-estrogens, including isoflavones and coumestans.
    • Red clover contains isoflavones, which have been used to alleviate menopausal symptoms.

    Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

    • PMS is a variety of psychological, behavioral, and physical symptoms occurring in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
    • Up to 85% of menstruating women report having one or more premenstrual symptoms.
    • Causes of PMS include enhanced sensitivity to progesterone in women with underlying serotonin deficiency and an inability to convert linoleic acid to prostaglandin precursors.

    Herbal Remedies for PMS

    • Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) is effective for relieving PMS symptoms and cyclical breast discomfort.
    • Chasteberry's therapeutic effects are attributed to its indirect effects on various hormones, especially prolactin and progesterone.

    Other Herbs

    • Horny goat weed has been used to treat erectile dysfunction, and may interact with antihypertensive medications and blood thinners.
    • Yohimbe, an α-adrenergic blocker, may interact with MAOIs, high blood pressure medications, and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the menopause phase in women, its symptoms, and herbal remedies. It also explores other gynecological issues like PMS, PCOS, and impotence.

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