Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Meningitis in Children: A Meta-Analysis
50 Questions
0 Views

Meningitis in Children: A Meta-Analysis

Created by
@EminentAntigorite5986

Questions and Answers

What was the outcome of the meta-analysis for H. influenzae type b meningitis in children?

  • Significant reduction in lethargy
  • Significant reduction in blindness
  • Significant reduction in fever
  • Significant reduction in deafness (correct)

    • Which type of meningitis showed a significant reduction in hearing loss according to the meta-analysis?

  • Pneumococcal meningitis (correct)
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Fungal meningitis
  • Viral meningitis

    • How many days of therapy were found to be as effective and less toxic than longer courses of steroid administration?

  • Two days (correct)
  • Five days
  • Three days
  • Seven days

    • What was evaluated in the meta-analysis of trials of meningitis in children?

    <p>Findings according to the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the trials show about the effect of longer courses of steroid administration?

    <p>More effective but more toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage for adults?

    <p>10mg four times a day, for 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times a day should children take the medication?

    <p>Four times a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method to prevent meningitis?

    <p>Chemoprophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of therapy for both adults and children?

    <p>4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should this therapy be started?

    <p>Before or at the start of antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is recommended within the first 24 hours to prevent meningitis?

    <p>Administer prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preventive measure can protect against meningitis in addition to chemoprophylaxis?

    <p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage for children?

    <p>0.15mg/kg four times a day, for 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a known method to prevent meningitis?

    <p>Physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should prophylaxis be offered to effectively prevent meningitis?

    <p>Within the first 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is considered high-risk for exposures to patients with Neisseria meningitis?

    <p>Household contacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is NOT listed as a regimen for high-risk exposures to Neisseria or Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-risk exposure to oral secretions of a patient with Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis is a concern for which individuals?

    <p>People with exposure to the patient's oral secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios signifies a high-risk exposure to a patient with Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis?

    <p>A person who intubated the patient without a mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics can be used for chemoprophylaxis in high-risk exposures to Neisseria meningitis?

    <p>Ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of Rifampin for children older than 3 months?

    <p>20mg/kg once daily for 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to prevent the spread of meningococcal and haemophilus meningitis in patients over 18 years old?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO single dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should Rifampin be administered to an infant aged 1-3 months to prevent meningococcal and haemophilus meningitis?

    <p>10mg/kg PO every day for 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For how long should Rifampin be administered to prevent the spread of meningitis?

    <p>Every day for a total of four doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of the medications Rifampin and Ciprofloxacin mentioned in the content?

    <p>Preventing spread of meningococcal and haemophilus meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is prophylactic treatment recommended for patients?

    <p>2 days prior to discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct administration route for ciprofloxacin in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?

    <p>Oral, as a single dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ceftriaxone administered in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?

    <p>Intramuscular, as a single dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is NOT mentioned in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prophylactic treatment in the context provided?

    <p>To prevent infection prior to discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a medicine used for chemoprophylaxis?

    <p>Rifampicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage for Azithromycin as a chemoprophylaxis agent?

    <p>500mg as single dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a chemoprophylaxis medicine?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do Rifampicin and Azithromycin serve when listed as 'Other Medicines for Chemoprophylaxis'?

    <p>Preventing infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is administered as a single dose of 500mg for chemoprophylaxis?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications is immediate?

    <p>Cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, also known as Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, is classified under which type of complication?

    <p>Delayed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical fatality rate range for pneumococcal meningitis?

    <p>20% to 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has higher fatality rates for pneumococcal meningitis?

    <p>The elderly and those with other diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a delayed complication?

    <p>Shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine reduces the incidence of H. influenzae type b meningitis?

    <p>Hib Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines provides protection against S. pneumoniae?

    <p>Pneumococcal Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tetravalent vaccine provides protection against which types of meningococcal bacteria?

    <p>A, C, W135, and Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine specifically targets N. meningitidis?

    <p>Meningococcal Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Tetravalent vaccine protect against?

    <p>Meningococcal bacteria A, C, W135, and Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine is designed to protect against four different types of meningococcal bacteria?

    <p>Tetravalent vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hib vaccine protect against?

    <p>H. influenzae type b meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine specifically targets protection against S. pneumoniae?

    <p>Pneumococcal Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria does the Meningococcal Vaccine specifically target?

    <p><em>N. meningitidis</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines includes protection against meningococcal types W135?

    <p>Tetravalent vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Meta-Analysis of Meningitis Trials in Children

    • Significant reduction in deafness for H.influenzae type b meningitis
    • Significant reduction in hearing loss for pneumococcal meningitis
    • Two days of therapy is as effective and less toxic than longer courses of steroid administration
    • Adults: 10mg four times a day, for 4 days
    • Children: 0.15mg/kg four times a day, for 4 days
    • Therapy should be started before or at the start of antibiotic therapy and continued for four days

    Prevention of Meningitis

    • Chemoprophylaxis
    • Vaccination
    • Offer prophylaxis within the first 24 hours

    Antibiotic Chemoprophylaxis

    • High-risk exposures to patients with Neisseria or Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis
    • High-risk populations include household contacts, those with exposure to oral secretions, and those who have intubated the patient without a mask
    • Regimens include ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or rifampicin

    Prevent Spread of Meningococcal and Haemophilus Meningitis

    • Rifampin: 10mg/kg (4 days) for children 1-3 months, 20mg/kg once daily (four days) for children over 3 months
    • Ciprofloxacin: 500mg PO, single dose, equally effective in patients over 18 years old

    Chemoprophylaxis (Ghana)

    • Prophylactic treatment recommended for patients 2 days prior to discharge
    • Ciprofloxacin, oral, single dose
    • Ceftriaxone, IM, single dose

    Other Medicines for Chemoprophylaxis

    • Rifampicin
    • Azithromycin: 500mg as single dose

    Vaccination

    • Tetravalent vaccine (meningococcal A, C, W135, and Y conjugate vaccine)
    • Hib Vaccine: reduces incidence of H.influenzae type b meningitis
    • Pneumococcal Vaccine: protects against S.pneumoniae
    • Meningococcal Vaccine: protects against N.meningitidis

    Complications

    Immediate Complications

    • Shock
    • Coma
    • Seizures
    • Respiratory and cardiac arrest
    • Death

    Delayed Complications

    • Seizures
    • Paralysis
    • Intellectual deficits
    • Deafness
    • Blindness
    • Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)
    • Death

    Fatality Rates

    • Pneumococcal meningitis: 20% to 25%, higher in elderly and those with other diseases

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz assesses your understanding of a meta-analysis of trials on meningitis in children, including the effects of different organisms and treatment durations on outcomes such as deafness and hearing loss.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Meningitis Care and Treatment
    6 questions

    Meningitis Care and Treatment

    InexpensiveSpring avatar
    InexpensiveSpring
    Fungal Meningitis Treatment Quiz
    18 questions

    Fungal Meningitis Treatment Quiz

    WorthZither avatar
    WorthZither
    Meningitis Treatment and Complications
    18 questions

    Meningitis Treatment and Complications

    IntegratedElbaite avatar
    IntegratedElbaite
    Meningitis and Medical Treatments
    24 questions

    Meningitis and Medical Treatments

    GleefulAcademicArt avatar
    GleefulAcademicArt
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser