Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the outcome of the meta-analysis for H. influenzae type b meningitis in children?
What was the outcome of the meta-analysis for H. influenzae type b meningitis in children?
- Significant reduction in lethargy
- Significant reduction in blindness
- Significant reduction in fever
- Significant reduction in deafness (correct)
Which type of meningitis showed a significant reduction in hearing loss according to the meta-analysis?
Which type of meningitis showed a significant reduction in hearing loss according to the meta-analysis?
- Pneumococcal meningitis (correct)
- Bacterial meningitis
- Fungal meningitis
- Viral meningitis
How many days of therapy were found to be as effective and less toxic than longer courses of steroid administration?
How many days of therapy were found to be as effective and less toxic than longer courses of steroid administration?
- Two days (correct)
- Five days
- Three days
- Seven days
What was evaluated in the meta-analysis of trials of meningitis in children?
What was evaluated in the meta-analysis of trials of meningitis in children?
What did the trials show about the effect of longer courses of steroid administration?
What did the trials show about the effect of longer courses of steroid administration?
What is the recommended dosage for adults?
What is the recommended dosage for adults?
How many times a day should children take the medication?
How many times a day should children take the medication?
What is a method to prevent meningitis?
What is a method to prevent meningitis?
What is the recommended duration of therapy for both adults and children?
What is the recommended duration of therapy for both adults and children?
When should this therapy be started?
When should this therapy be started?
Which action is recommended within the first 24 hours to prevent meningitis?
Which action is recommended within the first 24 hours to prevent meningitis?
What preventive measure can protect against meningitis in addition to chemoprophylaxis?
What preventive measure can protect against meningitis in addition to chemoprophylaxis?
What is the recommended dosage for children?
What is the recommended dosage for children?
Which of the following is NOT a known method to prevent meningitis?
Which of the following is NOT a known method to prevent meningitis?
When should prophylaxis be offered to effectively prevent meningitis?
When should prophylaxis be offered to effectively prevent meningitis?
Which of the following groups is considered high-risk for exposures to patients with Neisseria meningitis?
Which of the following groups is considered high-risk for exposures to patients with Neisseria meningitis?
Which antibiotic is NOT listed as a regimen for high-risk exposures to Neisseria or Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis?
Which antibiotic is NOT listed as a regimen for high-risk exposures to Neisseria or Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis?
High-risk exposure to oral secretions of a patient with Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis is a concern for which individuals?
High-risk exposure to oral secretions of a patient with Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis is a concern for which individuals?
Which of the following scenarios signifies a high-risk exposure to a patient with Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis?
Which of the following scenarios signifies a high-risk exposure to a patient with Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis?
Which of the following antibiotics can be used for chemoprophylaxis in high-risk exposures to Neisseria meningitis?
Which of the following antibiotics can be used for chemoprophylaxis in high-risk exposures to Neisseria meningitis?
What is the recommended dose of Rifampin for children older than 3 months?
What is the recommended dose of Rifampin for children older than 3 months?
Which medication can be used to prevent the spread of meningococcal and haemophilus meningitis in patients over 18 years old?
Which medication can be used to prevent the spread of meningococcal and haemophilus meningitis in patients over 18 years old?
How should Rifampin be administered to an infant aged 1-3 months to prevent meningococcal and haemophilus meningitis?
How should Rifampin be administered to an infant aged 1-3 months to prevent meningococcal and haemophilus meningitis?
For how long should Rifampin be administered to prevent the spread of meningitis?
For how long should Rifampin be administered to prevent the spread of meningitis?
What is the primary use of the medications Rifampin and Ciprofloxacin mentioned in the content?
What is the primary use of the medications Rifampin and Ciprofloxacin mentioned in the content?
When is prophylactic treatment recommended for patients?
When is prophylactic treatment recommended for patients?
Which of the following is the correct administration route for ciprofloxacin in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?
Which of the following is the correct administration route for ciprofloxacin in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?
How is ceftriaxone administered in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?
How is ceftriaxone administered in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?
Which of the following drugs is NOT mentioned in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?
Which of the following drugs is NOT mentioned in the chemoprophylaxis regimen?
What is the purpose of prophylactic treatment in the context provided?
What is the purpose of prophylactic treatment in the context provided?
Which of the following is a medicine used for chemoprophylaxis?
Which of the following is a medicine used for chemoprophylaxis?
What is the recommended dosage for Azithromycin as a chemoprophylaxis agent?
What is the recommended dosage for Azithromycin as a chemoprophylaxis agent?
Which of the following is NOT a chemoprophylaxis medicine?
Which of the following is NOT a chemoprophylaxis medicine?
What purpose do Rifampicin and Azithromycin serve when listed as 'Other Medicines for Chemoprophylaxis'?
What purpose do Rifampicin and Azithromycin serve when listed as 'Other Medicines for Chemoprophylaxis'?
Which of the following drugs is administered as a single dose of 500mg for chemoprophylaxis?
Which of the following drugs is administered as a single dose of 500mg for chemoprophylaxis?
Which of the following complications is immediate?
Which of the following complications is immediate?
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, also known as Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, is classified under which type of complication?
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, also known as Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, is classified under which type of complication?
What is the typical fatality rate range for pneumococcal meningitis?
What is the typical fatality rate range for pneumococcal meningitis?
Which group has higher fatality rates for pneumococcal meningitis?
Which group has higher fatality rates for pneumococcal meningitis?
Which of the following is NOT a delayed complication?
Which of the following is NOT a delayed complication?
Which vaccine reduces the incidence of H. influenzae type b meningitis?
Which vaccine reduces the incidence of H. influenzae type b meningitis?
Which of the following vaccines provides protection against S. pneumoniae?
Which of the following vaccines provides protection against S. pneumoniae?
The tetravalent vaccine provides protection against which types of meningococcal bacteria?
The tetravalent vaccine provides protection against which types of meningococcal bacteria?
Which vaccine specifically targets N. meningitidis?
Which vaccine specifically targets N. meningitidis?
What does the Tetravalent vaccine protect against?
What does the Tetravalent vaccine protect against?
Which vaccine is designed to protect against four different types of meningococcal bacteria?
Which vaccine is designed to protect against four different types of meningococcal bacteria?
What does the Hib vaccine protect against?
What does the Hib vaccine protect against?
Which vaccine specifically targets protection against S. pneumoniae?
Which vaccine specifically targets protection against S. pneumoniae?
Which bacteria does the Meningococcal Vaccine specifically target?
Which bacteria does the Meningococcal Vaccine specifically target?
Which of the following vaccines includes protection against meningococcal types W135?
Which of the following vaccines includes protection against meningococcal types W135?
Study Notes
Meta-Analysis of Meningitis Trials in Children
- Significant reduction in deafness for H.influenzae type b meningitis
- Significant reduction in hearing loss for pneumococcal meningitis
- Two days of therapy is as effective and less toxic than longer courses of steroid administration
Recommended Dosage
- Adults: 10mg four times a day, for 4 days
- Children: 0.15mg/kg four times a day, for 4 days
- Therapy should be started before or at the start of antibiotic therapy and continued for four days
Prevention of Meningitis
- Chemoprophylaxis
- Vaccination
- Offer prophylaxis within the first 24 hours
Antibiotic Chemoprophylaxis
- High-risk exposures to patients with Neisseria or Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis
- High-risk populations include household contacts, those with exposure to oral secretions, and those who have intubated the patient without a mask
- Regimens include ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or rifampicin
Prevent Spread of Meningococcal and Haemophilus Meningitis
- Rifampin: 10mg/kg (4 days) for children 1-3 months, 20mg/kg once daily (four days) for children over 3 months
- Ciprofloxacin: 500mg PO, single dose, equally effective in patients over 18 years old
Chemoprophylaxis (Ghana)
- Prophylactic treatment recommended for patients 2 days prior to discharge
- Ciprofloxacin, oral, single dose
- Ceftriaxone, IM, single dose
Other Medicines for Chemoprophylaxis
- Rifampicin
- Azithromycin: 500mg as single dose
Vaccination
- Tetravalent vaccine (meningococcal A, C, W135, and Y conjugate vaccine)
- Hib Vaccine: reduces incidence of H.influenzae type b meningitis
- Pneumococcal Vaccine: protects against S.pneumoniae
- Meningococcal Vaccine: protects against N.meningitidis
Complications
Immediate Complications
- Shock
- Coma
- Seizures
- Respiratory and cardiac arrest
- Death
Delayed Complications
- Seizures
- Paralysis
- Intellectual deficits
- Deafness
- Blindness
- Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)
- Death
Fatality Rates
- Pneumococcal meningitis: 20% to 25%, higher in elderly and those with other diseases
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Description
This quiz assesses your understanding of a meta-analysis of trials on meningitis in children, including the effects of different organisms and treatment durations on outcomes such as deafness and hearing loss.
