Meninges - Connective Tissue Membranes Quiz

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What is the function of the sensory division?

Conducts impulses from CNS to effectors

Informs the CNS of the state of the body interior and exterior

Conveys information to the CNS from sensory receptors

Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS (correct)

Which type of nerve fibers can be somatic according to the text?

Motor nerve fibers

Sensory nerve fibers (correct)

Autonomic nerve fibers

Visceral nerve fibers

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Conducts impulses from CNS to effectors

Informs the CNS of the state of the body interior and exterior

Conveys information to the CNS from sensory receptors

Conducts impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (correct)

Which neurons convey information to the CNS from autonomic sensory receptors?

Sensory neurons Signup and view all the answers

What type of motor neurons conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles?

Somatic motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

Where are autonomic sensory receptors primarily located?

In the thorax and abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is a thin transparent connective tissue layer that adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain?

Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

Where are anesthetics typically injected in the vertebral canal?

Epidural space Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is a thin web arrangement of delicate collagen and some elastic fibers?

Arachnoid mater Signup and view all the answers

What anchors the closed caudal end of the dura mater to the coccyx?

Filum terminale Signup and view all the answers

In which space is serous fluid found between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal?

Subdural space Signup and view all the answers

Where is the supracristal line located for lumbar puncture?

L3-L4 Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus in the spinal cord receives visceral pain?

Intermedio-medial nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Where do 1st order neuron axons terminate in the spinal cord?

Nucleus dorsalis Signup and view all the answers

Which tract ascends to the medulla oblongata and pons?

Anterior spinocerebellar tract in contralateral white column Signup and view all the answers

Which descending tract is responsible for subconscious regulation of balance and muscle tone?

Vestibulospinal tracts Signup and view all the answers

Where do the fibers that crossed over in the spinal cord cross back within the cerebellum?

Cerebellar cortex Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are responsible for conscious control of skeletal muscles?

Upper motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Vestibulospinal tract?

Facilitate the activity of extensor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reticulospinal tract is tonically active under normal conditions?

Medullary reticulospinal tracts Signup and view all the answers

Where do the axons of RF neurons from the Medullary reticulospinal tracts descend into the spinal cord?

Lateral white column Signup and view all the answers

Which motor system synapses with alpha and gamma through interneurons?

Pontine reticulospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Pontine reticulospinal tract?

Activate axial and proximal limb extensors Signup and view all the answers

Which tract is NOT tonically active under normal conditions?

Lateral reticulospinal tract (LRST) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the lateral reticulospinal tract?

Responsible for reflex movement of head & neck in response to visual stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which motor system is responsible for controlling axial & proximal muscles?

Medial Motor system Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions?

Wasting and hypotonia Signup and view all the answers

Where do the majority of fibers from the tectospinal tract terminate?

Anterior gray column of upper cervical segments of spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions from Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions regarding muscle tone?

Hypertonia in UMN lesions and hypotonia in LMN lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which tract is predominantly responsible for controlling distal muscles?

Lateral corticospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nervous system described in the text?

Controlling muscle and gland activation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells do not divide in the nervous tissue according to the text?

Motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of receptors in the nervous system described in the text?

Monitor stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells support, nourish, and protect neurons in the nervous tissue?

Neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the autonomic nervous system?

Conduct impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of neurons in nervous tissue based on the text?

Highly metabolic activity Signup and view all the answers

Where are autonomic sensory receptors primarily located?

In the visceral organs Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about neuroglia in the nervous tissue according to the text?

Do not outnumber neurons significantly Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions?

Decreased muscle tone and flaccid paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brainstem receives afferent fibers from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum for the Rubrospinal tract?

Red nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers can be somatic according to the text?

Sensory nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Rubrospinal tract?

Facilitate the activity of flexors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of input is NOT described for the corticobulbar fibers in the brainstem?

Unilateral input Signup and view all the answers

Which descending tract is responsible for subconscious regulation of balance and muscle tone?

Vestibulospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Where do Extrapyramidal tracts arise from in the nervous system?

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

Where do the majority of fibers from the tectospinal tract terminate?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group are the Rubrospinal tracts primarily involved in regulating?

Axial muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the Subconscious Motor Tracts?

Multisynaptic pathways Signup and view all the answers

Which motor system is responsible for controlling distal muscles?

Lateral Motor system Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the spinal cord do the majority of fibers from the tectospinal tract terminate?

Anterior gray column of upper cervical segments Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes muscles affected by Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions regarding tone?

Hypertonia Signup and view all the answers

Where does the lateral reticulospinal tract originate from?

Red nucleus in the midbrain Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions regarding power?

Individual muscles are paralyzed Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions?

Wasting of affected muscles (atrophy) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with loss of muscle joint sense, position sense, vibration sense, and tactile discrimination on the same side below the level of the lesion may have a lesion affecting which sensory tract?

Fasciculus cuneatus Signup and view all the answers

Which artery reinforces the arterial supply to the lower portion of the spinal cord?

Artery of Adamkiewicz Signup and view all the answers

A lesion affecting sacral sparing in an intramedullary tumor can lead to which sensory loss?

Loss of pain and thermal sensation on the contralateral side Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of arteries lie within the subarachnoid space and anastomose on the inferior surface of the brain to form the circle of Willis?

Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of longitudinal arteries in the spinal cord's blood supply?

To supply the anterior spinal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery usually arises from the left posterior intercostal artery, supplying the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord?

Artery of Adamkiewicz Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia?

Gray matter Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system consists of 31 spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves?

Peripheral Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Epithalamus within the brain?

Regulation of hormone secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the Central Nervous System that is surrounded by white matter?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Where does a bundle of processes in the Peripheral Nervous System typically terminate?

Nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brainstem's Subthalamus?

Control of balance and muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

Where do the upper motor neurons of the lateral corticospinal tract originate?

Precentral gyrus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for controlling extensors of the vertebral column?

Dorsomedial nuclei Signup and view all the answers

From which area of the cortex do extrapyramidal tracts mainly originate?

Area 6 Signup and view all the answers

Which group of motor neurons is responsible for intercostal and abdominal muscle control?

Dorsomedial nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Where do most fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract decussate to the opposite side?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord surrounds the central canal and contains motor neurons of the anterior horn?

Lamina X Signup and view all the answers

Which motor nuclei receive bilateral input from the corticobulbar fibers according to the text?

Lower facial muscles and genioglossus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Rubrospinal tract according to the information provided?

Facilitate the activity of flexors and inhibit extensors Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain houses the Red nucleus involved in the Rubrospinal tract according to the text?

Midbrain Signup and view all the answers

How do Extrapyramidal tracts differ from corticospinal tracts as mentioned in the text?

They are under the influence of the cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which tracts are considered part of the Subconscious Motor Tracts based on the information provided?

Vestibulospinal tracts and Reticulospinal tracts Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of the motor pathways described in the text?

They are multisynaptic Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the spinal cord receives the greatest percentage of fibers from the lateral corticospinal tract?

Cervical Signup and view all the answers

Where do corticoneuclear tract fibers originating in the motor cortex terminate in the brainstem?

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the spinal cord is mainly targeted by synapses of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers?

Lamine IV Signup and view all the answers

Where do anterior corticospinal tract fibers act on muscles?

Proximal muscles of upper limb Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brainstem receives descending fibers from the motor cortex for corticoneuclear tract formation?

Medulla Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of lateral corticospinal tract fibers synapse in lamine IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is likely to be present in a patient with hypertonia and hyperreflexia?

Clonus Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sudden release is applied to a muscle experiencing the clasp-knife reaction?

Muscle tension decreases Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in external pressure on the spinal cord affect dermatomes?

First affects cervical dermatomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the overactivity of the pontine excitatory system mentioned in the text?

Spasticity Signup and view all the answers

In response to stimulation of the sole, what reflex takes place when corticospinal tracts are nonfunctional?

Withdrawal reflex with toes fanning out Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an intramedullary tumor affecting cervical fibers?

Impaired pain and temperature sensation in sacral dermatome Signup and view all the answers

Meninges - Connective Tissue Membranes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the sensory division?

Which type of nerve fibers can be somatic according to the text?

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Which neurons convey information to the CNS from autonomic sensory receptors?

What type of motor neurons conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles?

Where are autonomic sensory receptors primarily located?

Which layer of the meninges is a thin transparent connective tissue layer that adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain?

Where are anesthetics typically injected in the vertebral canal?

Which layer of the meninges is a thin web arrangement of delicate collagen and some elastic fibers?

What anchors the closed caudal end of the dura mater to the coccyx?

In which space is serous fluid found between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal?

Where is the supracristal line located for lumbar puncture?

Which nucleus in the spinal cord receives visceral pain?

Where do 1st order neuron axons terminate in the spinal cord?

Which tract ascends to the medulla oblongata and pons?

Which descending tract is responsible for subconscious regulation of balance and muscle tone?

Where do the fibers that crossed over in the spinal cord cross back within the cerebellum?

What type of neurons are responsible for conscious control of skeletal muscles?

What is the function of the Vestibulospinal tract?

Which type of reticulospinal tract is tonically active under normal conditions?

Where do the axons of RF neurons from the Medullary reticulospinal tracts descend into the spinal cord?

Which motor system synapses with alpha and gamma through interneurons?

What is the main function of the Pontine reticulospinal tract?

Which tract is NOT tonically active under normal conditions?

What is the major function of the lateral reticulospinal tract?

Which motor system is responsible for controlling axial & proximal muscles?

What characterizes muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions?

Where do the majority of fibers from the tectospinal tract terminate?

What differentiates Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions from Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions regarding muscle tone?

Which tract is predominantly responsible for controlling distal muscles?

What is the main function of the nervous system described in the text?

Which type of cells do not divide in the nervous tissue according to the text?

What is the primary function of receptors in the nervous system described in the text?

Which type of cells support, nourish, and protect neurons in the nervous tissue?

What is the major function of the autonomic nervous system?

What is a distinctive feature of neurons in nervous tissue based on the text?

Where are autonomic sensory receptors primarily located?

Which characteristic is true about neuroglia in the nervous tissue according to the text?

What characterizes muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions?

Which part of the brainstem receives afferent fibers from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum for the Rubrospinal tract?

Which type of nerve fibers can be somatic according to the text?

What is the primary function of the Rubrospinal tract?

Which type of input is NOT described for the corticobulbar fibers in the brainstem?

Which descending tract is responsible for subconscious regulation of balance and muscle tone?

Where do Extrapyramidal tracts arise from in the nervous system?

Where do the majority of fibers from the tectospinal tract terminate?

Which muscle group are the Rubrospinal tracts primarily involved in regulating?

What is characteristic of the Subconscious Motor Tracts?

Which motor system is responsible for controlling distal muscles?

In which part of the spinal cord do the majority of fibers from the tectospinal tract terminate?

What characterizes muscles affected by Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions regarding tone?

Where does the lateral reticulospinal tract originate from?

What characterizes muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions regarding power?

What is a common characteristic of muscles affected by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesions?

A patient with loss of muscle joint sense, position sense, vibration sense, and tactile discrimination on the same side below the level of the lesion may have a lesion affecting which sensory tract?

Which artery reinforces the arterial supply to the lower portion of the spinal cord?

A lesion affecting sacral sparing in an intramedullary tumor can lead to which sensory loss?

Which pair of arteries lie within the subarachnoid space and anastomose on the inferior surface of the brain to form the circle of Willis?

What is the function of longitudinal arteries in the spinal cord's blood supply?

Which artery usually arises from the left posterior intercostal artery, supplying the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord?

What anatomical structure contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia?

Which division of the nervous system consists of 31 spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves?

What is the main function of the Epithalamus within the brain?

Which term refers to a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the Central Nervous System that is surrounded by white matter?

Where does a bundle of processes in the Peripheral Nervous System typically terminate?

What is the primary function of the brainstem's Subthalamus?

Where do the upper motor neurons of the lateral corticospinal tract originate?

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for controlling extensors of the vertebral column?

From which area of the cortex do extrapyramidal tracts mainly originate?

Which group of motor neurons is responsible for intercostal and abdominal muscle control?

Where do most fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract decussate to the opposite side?

Which part of the spinal cord surrounds the central canal and contains motor neurons of the anterior horn?

Which motor nuclei receive bilateral input from the corticobulbar fibers according to the text?

What is the function of the Rubrospinal tract according to the information provided?

Which part of the brain houses the Red nucleus involved in the Rubrospinal tract according to the text?

How do Extrapyramidal tracts differ from corticospinal tracts as mentioned in the text?

Which tracts are considered part of the Subconscious Motor Tracts based on the information provided?