Hamdan- Meninges

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Which of the following statements about the autonomic ganglion is correct?

It is a sensory ganglion located in the dorsal root ganglia.
It receives synapses from the preganglionic neurons. (correct)
It is involved in the somatic nervous system.
Its neurons do not extend to the organs they serve.

What is the function of the conus medullaris?

It gives rise to the spinal nerves.
It is the cervical enlargement that supplies the upper limbs.
It is the lumbar enlargement that supplies the lower limbs.
It is the tapered inferior end of the spinal cord. (correct)

Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is correct?

The length of the adult spinal cord ranges from 20 to 25 cm.
It extends from the foramen magnum to the fifth lumbar vertebra.
It is flattened slightly anteriorly and posteriorly. (correct)
It has a uniform diameter throughout its length.

What is the cauda equina?

It is the origin of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord?

31 pairs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the spinal nerves is incorrect?

All spinal nerves are sensory nerves. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Central Nervous System?

Cranial nerves (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Somatic motor division (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the Hindbrain?

Thalamus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sensory neurons convey information to the CNS from autonomic sensory receptors in the visceral organs?

Autonomic sensory neurons (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Forebrain?

Pons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve fibers conduct impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

Autonomic motor nerve fibers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are best at detecting rapidly changing signals?

Rapidly adapting receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do nociceptors detect?

Damage (pain receptors) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the labelled line theory propose regarding sensory information?

Specific pathways carry sensory information centrally for each stimulus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines the acuity or discriminative touch of a receptor?

Density of receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is associated with discriminative touch sensation and conscious proprioception?

Posterior White Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the 2nd neuron in the somatosensory pathway relay information after the dorsal column nuclei?

Thalamus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the meninges?

Dura mater (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the denticulate ligaments?

To attach the spinal cord to the arachnoid mater and inner surface of the dura mater (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the filum terminale?

To anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the length of the nerve roots and their position along the spinal cord?

The nerve roots get longer as you go downward (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the typical location for a lumbar puncture?

Between L3 and L4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal nerve root is most commonly associated with herniated discs at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels?

L5 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lateral horn of the gray matter in the spinal cord?

Contains cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sensory receptors is responsible for detecting high-frequency vibrations?

Pacinian corpuscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Straight Leg Raise Test (SLR) in the diagnosis of a herniated disc?

To test for nerve root compression causing radicular pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of a herniated disc?

Increased sensitivity to high-frequency vibrations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the meningeal branch of the spinal nerve?

To provide sensory innervation to the dura mater (D) Signup and view all the answers

Autonomic Ganglion

A cluster of nerve cell bodies in the autonomic nervous system where preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons.

Conus Medullaris

The tapered, cone-shaped inferior end of the spinal cord.

Spinal Cord Shape

The spinal cord is flattened slightly anteriorly and posteriorly.

Cauda Equina

The bundle of nerve roots extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris, resembling a horse's tail.