Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cistern contains the optic chiasm, circulus arteriosus cerebri, and oculomotor nerve?
Which cistern contains the optic chiasm, circulus arteriosus cerebri, and oculomotor nerve?
Which cistern contains the basilar artery?
Which cistern contains the basilar artery?
Which structure is sensitive to emetic chemicals in the blood and regulates vomiting, thirst, hunger, and blood pressure control?
Which structure is sensitive to emetic chemicals in the blood and regulates vomiting, thirst, hunger, and blood pressure control?
Which venous structure surrounds the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, VI?
Which venous structure surrounds the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, VI?
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Which sinus is located at the junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli?
Which sinus is located at the junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli?
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Which dural (venous) sinus runs along the superior margin of falx cerebri?
Which dural (venous) sinus runs along the superior margin of falx cerebri?
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Which sinus receives blood from the transverse sinus and converges with the inferior petrosal sinuses to form the internal jugular vein?
Which sinus receives blood from the transverse sinus and converges with the inferior petrosal sinuses to form the internal jugular vein?
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Which dural (venous) sinus is formed by the confluence of sinuses at the level of internal occipital protuberance and drains into the transverse sinuses?
Which dural (venous) sinus is formed by the confluence of sinuses at the level of internal occipital protuberance and drains into the transverse sinuses?
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Which cistern contains the filum terminale and cauda equina?
Which cistern contains the filum terminale and cauda equina?
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Which dural (venous) sinus is situated on the inferior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone on each side and drains the cavernous sinus into the internal jugular vein?
Which dural (venous) sinus is situated on the inferior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone on each side and drains the cavernous sinus into the internal jugular vein?
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What is the primary function of the meninges?
What is the primary function of the meninges?
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Which layer of the meninges is thick, tough, and inextensible?
Which layer of the meninges is thick, tough, and inextensible?
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Where does the endosteal layer of the dura mater line?
Where does the endosteal layer of the dura mater line?
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What do the dural venous sinuses do?
What do the dural venous sinuses do?
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What is the function of the falx cerebri?
What is the function of the falx cerebri?
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Which structure divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial & infratentorial compartments?
Which structure divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial & infratentorial compartments?
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What is the main function of dural reflections?
What is the main function of dural reflections?
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Which structure arises from under surface of the tentorium and separates occipital lobe from cerebellum?
Which structure arises from under surface of the tentorium and separates occipital lobe from cerebellum?
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What is responsible for venous vasculature of cranium and drains into internal jugular veins?
What is responsible for venous vasculature of cranium and drains into internal jugular veins?
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Which layer of the meninges is highly vascularized and tightly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?
Which layer of the meninges is highly vascularized and tightly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?
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What is the function of arachnoid granulations in the meninges?
What is the function of arachnoid granulations in the meninges?
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Where is the choroid plexus located in the ventricular system?
Where is the choroid plexus located in the ventricular system?
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What structure connects the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle in the ventricular system?
What structure connects the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle in the ventricular system?
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Which structure forms a partial roof over the hypophysial fossa and covers the pituitary gland?
Which structure forms a partial roof over the hypophysial fossa and covers the pituitary gland?
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Which layer of the meninges is very sensitive to pressure and closely associated with the trigeminal nerve?
Which layer of the meninges is very sensitive to pressure and closely associated with the trigeminal nerve?
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Which ventricle in the ventricular system is located between the dorsal surfaces of the pons, upper medulla, and ventral surface of the cerebellum?
Which ventricle in the ventricular system is located between the dorsal surfaces of the pons, upper medulla, and ventral surface of the cerebellum?
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What is the function of the median stoma of Magendie in the ventricular system?
What is the function of the median stoma of Magendie in the ventricular system?
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Study Notes
- The median dural septum, also known as the central partition, is attached to the base of the skull and divides the brain into left and right compartments, preventing the shift of the cerebrum.
- The meninges, including the dural partitions, cover the brain and spinal cord.
- The superior view shows the tentorium cerebelli covering the posterior cranial fossa, with the falx cerebri forming between it and the midline. The frontal lobes are located in the anterior cranial fossa, the temporal lobes in the middle cranial fossa, and the occipital lobes are positioned on the tentorium.
- The sellar diaphragm, also known as the diaphragma sellae, is a flat sheet of dura suspended between the clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone, forming a partial roof over the hypophysial fossa and covering the pituitary gland.
- The dura mater, the outermost layer of the meninges, is very sensitive to pressure and is closely associated with the trigeminal nerve (V1, V2, and V3).
- The arachnoid mater, the middle layer of meninges, is a thin layer of connective tissue with no innervation and ends at the S2 level. Underneath the arachnoid mater is the subdural space, and underneath that is the sub-arachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid.
- The pia mater, the innermost layer of meninges, is a thin, highly vascularized tissue that tightly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and follows the contours of the brain.
- The ventricular system and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bathe the brain and spinal cord as a protective "bath," providing hydromechanical protection of the CNS and regulating brain interstitial fluid homeostasis.
- The choroid plexus secretes CSF, which begins in the ventricles and enters the subarachnoid space to surround the brain and spinal cord. A total of 400–600 cc of CSF is produced per day, and the ventricles and subarachnoid space contain 50-150 cc, with all of the CSF being turned over 2-4 times per day.
- Arachnoid granulations, sites of CSF resorption, are endothelium-lined finger-like meningeal protrusions into the dural venous sinuses.
- The ventricular system consists of four interconnected ventricles: the lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, and 4th ventricle, each containing a specific structure and communicating with each other through various foramen.
- The lateral ventricles, located deep within each cerebral hemisphere, consist of several parts, including the central 'body' part, anterior (frontal) horn, inferior (temporal) horn, and posterior (occipital) horn, which all communicate with the 3rd ventricle via the interventricular foramen.
- The 3rd ventricle, located in the midline within the diencephalon between the thalamus and hypothalamus, communicates with the 4th ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct and contains the choroid plexus on its inferior wall.
- The 4th ventricle, located between the dorsal surfaces of the pons, upper medulla, and ventral surface of the cerebellum, is continuous with the central canal of the lower medulla and spinal cord and has four openings: the median stoma of Magendie and two lateral foramina of Luschka, which connect to the subarachnoid space.
- The saggital hemisection shows the circulation of CSF from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, and central spinal canal and subarachnoid space, with the arachnoid granulations resorbing and draining CSF into the dural venous sinuses.
- Wider areas of the subarachnoid space, containing CSF, are known as subarachnoid cisterns, including the cerebellomedullary cistern.
- Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges caused by pathogens, leading to cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, forced brain herniation, and reduced cerebral perfusion.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord with this quiz. Explore the functions of the three layers of meninges and their involvement in cerebral pathology.
