Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the name of the common pea plant that Mendel used in his experiments?
What was the name of the common pea plant that Mendel used in his experiments?
Pisum sativum
Which of the following were reasons why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following were reasons why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments? (Select all that apply)
- They were fast-growing and produced many offspring. (correct)
- They displayed several characteristics with contrasting traits. (correct)
- They were readily available to him. (correct)
- Their reproduction could be easily controlled. (correct)
Mendel's experiments and his interpretation of them provided geneticists with a ______ that is still largely used today.
Mendel's experiments and his interpretation of them provided geneticists with a ______ that is still largely used today.
vocabulary
Mendel's term 'factor' is now equivalent to what we know as 'gene.'
Mendel's term 'factor' is now equivalent to what we know as 'gene.'
What is an allele?
What is an allele?
What is a dominant allele?
What is a dominant allele?
What is a recessive allele?
What is a recessive allele?
An individual that is homozygous possesses two identical alleles for a trait.
An individual that is homozygous possesses two identical alleles for a trait.
What is a heterozygote?
What is a heterozygote?
What is the genotype?
What is the genotype?
True-breeding means that all the offspring display the same parental trait.
True-breeding means that all the offspring display the same parental trait.
The process of true-breeding ensured that all the individuals that Mendel entered into his crosses were of what genotype?
The process of true-breeding ensured that all the individuals that Mendel entered into his crosses were of what genotype?
The first generation from a cross between two individuals with contrasting traits (one dominant and one recessive phenotype) is called the F1 generation.
The first generation from a cross between two individuals with contrasting traits (one dominant and one recessive phenotype) is called the F1 generation.
The F2 generation is produced by crossing two F1 generation individuals.
The F2 generation is produced by crossing two F1 generation individuals.
Mendel's first conclusion was that parents possess a pair of factors, now known as genes, that determine traits in offspring.
Mendel's first conclusion was that parents possess a pair of factors, now known as genes, that determine traits in offspring.
The law of segregation states that during the production of gametes, the pair of factors separate and only one factor resides within each gamete.
The law of segregation states that during the production of gametes, the pair of factors separate and only one factor resides within each gamete.
The principle of dominance claims that when an individual inherits a pair of contrasting factors, one factor (the dominant allele) will always mask the effect of the other factor (the recessive allele).
The principle of dominance claims that when an individual inherits a pair of contrasting factors, one factor (the dominant allele) will always mask the effect of the other factor (the recessive allele).
Punnett squares were developed by Mendel.
Punnett squares were developed by Mendel.
What does a complete Punnett square indicate? (Select all that apply)
What does a complete Punnett square indicate? (Select all that apply)
The interpretation of a Punnett square involves reporting the phenotype ratio and genotype ratio expected in the offspring.
The interpretation of a Punnett square involves reporting the phenotype ratio and genotype ratio expected in the offspring.
Flashcards
Why did Mendel choose pea plants?
Why did Mendel choose pea plants?
Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments because they were easily available, had contrasting traits, grew quickly, produced many offspring, and their reproduction could be controlled.
What is a 'factor' in Mendelian terms?
What is a 'factor' in Mendelian terms?
A factor is a heritable unit passed from parents to offspring, essentially what we now know as a gene.
What are alleles?
What are alleles?
Alleles are different forms of a factor for a trait, meaning they represent variations of that gene.
What's a dominant allele?
What's a dominant allele?
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What's a recessive allele?
What's a recessive allele?
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What does homozygous mean?
What does homozygous mean?
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What does heterozygous mean?
What does heterozygous mean?
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What is genotype?
What is genotype?
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What is phenotype?
What is phenotype?
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What is true-breeding?
What is true-breeding?
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What is the F1 generation?
What is the F1 generation?
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What happens in the F1 generation?
What happens in the F1 generation?
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What is the F2 generation?
What is the F2 generation?
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What happens in the F2 generation?
What happens in the F2 generation?
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What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
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What is Mendel's Principle of Dominance?
What is Mendel's Principle of Dominance?
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What is a Punnett square?
What is a Punnett square?
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What does a Punnett square show?
What does a Punnett square show?
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What is the phenotype ratio?
What is the phenotype ratio?
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What is the genotype ratio?
What is the genotype ratio?
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Give an example of phenotype ratio in a monohybrid cross.
Give an example of phenotype ratio in a monohybrid cross.
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Give an example of genotype ratio in a monohybrid cross.
Give an example of genotype ratio in a monohybrid cross.
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How was the F1 generation of pea plants created?
How was the F1 generation of pea plants created?
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How was the F2 generation of pea plants created?
How was the F2 generation of pea plants created?
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What does 'heterozygote' mean?
What does 'heterozygote' mean?
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Why did Mendel continue breeding plants for generations?
Why did Mendel continue breeding plants for generations?
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How did Mendel's work help us understand genetics?
How did Mendel's work help us understand genetics?
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Study Notes
Mendel's Monohybrid Experiments
- Mendel's experiments focused on the common pea plant, Pisum sativum
- He used pea plants because they were readily available and had characteristics with distinct contrasting traits, such as color.
- He performed controlled breeding experiments.
- The data collected and concluded laws were based on controlled experiments.
Why Mendel Chose Pea Plants
-
Readily available
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Distinct, contrasting traits (e.g., flower color, seed shape).
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Fast growing and produced a large number of offspring.
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Easy to control reproduction.
Mendelian Terminology
- Factor: A heritable unit passed from parents to offspring (e.g., genes)
- Alleles: Different forms of a factor for a trait
- Dominant allele: A factor that will always be expressed if present.
- Recessive allele: An allele that will be masked by a dominant allele.
- Homozygous: Possessing identical alleles for a trait
- Heterozygous: Possessing one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait
- Genotype: The pair of alleles possessed by an individual.
- Phenotype: The physical trait displayed by an individual.
The F1 Generation
- Mendel crossed two individuals with contrasting traits (one dominant, one recessive).
- The resulting offspring (F1 generation) consistently displayed the dominant trait.
- For example: Purple x white flowers always produced purple flowers.
The F2 Generation
- Mendel crossed two F1 generation individuals.
- The resulting F2 generation showed a reappearance of the recessive trait.
- Recessive traits reappeared at roughly a one-quarter ratio of offspring.
Mendel's Conclusions
- Parents possess a pair of factors for each characteristic.
- During gamete formation, these factors separate, with each gamete receiving only one factor. (The Law of Segregation)
- One factor can mask another. (The Principle of Dominance)
Punnett Squares
- Punnett squares are tools to visually represent allele transmission.
- They depict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
- They show the genotype and phenotype ratios, and are useful in determining probabilities of specific genotypes/phenotypes.
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Description
Explore Mendel's groundbreaking monohybrid experiments with pea plants. Learn about his methods, terminology, and the significance of contrasting traits in inheritance. Test your understanding of genetics and Mendelian principles.
