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Questions and Answers
What was the name of the common pea plant that Mendel used in his experiments?
What was the name of the common pea plant that Mendel used in his experiments?
Pisum sativum
Which of the following were reasons why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following were reasons why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments? (Select all that apply)
Mendel's experiments and his interpretation of them provided geneticists with a ______ that is still largely used today.
Mendel's experiments and his interpretation of them provided geneticists with a ______ that is still largely used today.
vocabulary
Mendel's term 'factor' is now equivalent to what we know as 'gene.'
Mendel's term 'factor' is now equivalent to what we know as 'gene.'
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What is an allele?
What is an allele?
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What is a dominant allele?
What is a dominant allele?
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What is a recessive allele?
What is a recessive allele?
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An individual that is homozygous possesses two identical alleles for a trait.
An individual that is homozygous possesses two identical alleles for a trait.
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What is a heterozygote?
What is a heterozygote?
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What is the genotype?
What is the genotype?
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True-breeding means that all the offspring display the same parental trait.
True-breeding means that all the offspring display the same parental trait.
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The process of true-breeding ensured that all the individuals that Mendel entered into his crosses were of what genotype?
The process of true-breeding ensured that all the individuals that Mendel entered into his crosses were of what genotype?
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The first generation from a cross between two individuals with contrasting traits (one dominant and one recessive phenotype) is called the F1 generation.
The first generation from a cross between two individuals with contrasting traits (one dominant and one recessive phenotype) is called the F1 generation.
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The F2 generation is produced by crossing two F1 generation individuals.
The F2 generation is produced by crossing two F1 generation individuals.
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Mendel's first conclusion was that parents possess a pair of factors, now known as genes, that determine traits in offspring.
Mendel's first conclusion was that parents possess a pair of factors, now known as genes, that determine traits in offspring.
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The law of segregation states that during the production of gametes, the pair of factors separate and only one factor resides within each gamete.
The law of segregation states that during the production of gametes, the pair of factors separate and only one factor resides within each gamete.
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The principle of dominance claims that when an individual inherits a pair of contrasting factors, one factor (the dominant allele) will always mask the effect of the other factor (the recessive allele).
The principle of dominance claims that when an individual inherits a pair of contrasting factors, one factor (the dominant allele) will always mask the effect of the other factor (the recessive allele).
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Punnett squares were developed by Mendel.
Punnett squares were developed by Mendel.
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What does a complete Punnett square indicate? (Select all that apply)
What does a complete Punnett square indicate? (Select all that apply)
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The interpretation of a Punnett square involves reporting the phenotype ratio and genotype ratio expected in the offspring.
The interpretation of a Punnett square involves reporting the phenotype ratio and genotype ratio expected in the offspring.
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Study Notes
Mendel's Monohybrid Experiments
- Mendel's experiments focused on the common pea plant, Pisum sativum
- He used pea plants because they were readily available and had characteristics with distinct contrasting traits, such as color.
- He performed controlled breeding experiments.
- The data collected and concluded laws were based on controlled experiments.
Why Mendel Chose Pea Plants
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Readily available
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Distinct, contrasting traits (e.g., flower color, seed shape).
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Fast growing and produced a large number of offspring.
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Easy to control reproduction.
Mendelian Terminology
- Factor: A heritable unit passed from parents to offspring (e.g., genes)
- Alleles: Different forms of a factor for a trait
- Dominant allele: A factor that will always be expressed if present.
- Recessive allele: An allele that will be masked by a dominant allele.
- Homozygous: Possessing identical alleles for a trait
- Heterozygous: Possessing one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait
- Genotype: The pair of alleles possessed by an individual.
- Phenotype: The physical trait displayed by an individual.
The F1 Generation
- Mendel crossed two individuals with contrasting traits (one dominant, one recessive).
- The resulting offspring (F1 generation) consistently displayed the dominant trait.
- For example: Purple x white flowers always produced purple flowers.
The F2 Generation
- Mendel crossed two F1 generation individuals.
- The resulting F2 generation showed a reappearance of the recessive trait.
- Recessive traits reappeared at roughly a one-quarter ratio of offspring.
Mendel's Conclusions
- Parents possess a pair of factors for each characteristic.
- During gamete formation, these factors separate, with each gamete receiving only one factor. (The Law of Segregation)
- One factor can mask another. (The Principle of Dominance)
Punnett Squares
- Punnett squares are tools to visually represent allele transmission.
- They depict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
- They show the genotype and phenotype ratios, and are useful in determining probabilities of specific genotypes/phenotypes.
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Description
Explore Mendel's groundbreaking monohybrid experiments with pea plants. Learn about his methods, terminology, and the significance of contrasting traits in inheritance. Test your understanding of genetics and Mendelian principles.
