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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the passing of traits from parent to offspring?
What is the term for the passing of traits from parent to offspring?
Which of the following represents a homozygous genotype?
Which of the following represents a homozygous genotype?
What does a dihybrid cross involve?
What does a dihybrid cross involve?
Which genotype would result in a yellow phenotype among the offspring?
Which genotype would result in a yellow phenotype among the offspring?
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In Mendel's experiments, the offspring of the P generation are referred to as what?
In Mendel's experiments, the offspring of the P generation are referred to as what?
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What does the Law of Segregation state?
What does the Law of Segregation state?
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What is the genotype of a plant that is heterozygous for flower color?
What is the genotype of a plant that is heterozygous for flower color?
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Which of the following is NOT a trait studied by Gregor Mendel?
Which of the following is NOT a trait studied by Gregor Mendel?
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What phenotype will offspring display if they are hybrid for a trait?
What phenotype will offspring display if they are hybrid for a trait?
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What does the law of segregation state regarding alleles during gamete formation?
What does the law of segregation state regarding alleles during gamete formation?
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In a dihybrid cross of RrGg x RrGg, what is the expected phenotypic ratio?
In a dihybrid cross of RrGg x RrGg, what is the expected phenotypic ratio?
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Which statement reflects the concept of independent assortment in Mendelian genetics?
Which statement reflects the concept of independent assortment in Mendelian genetics?
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What would be the result if dominant and recessive alleles were not separated during meiosis?
What would be the result if dominant and recessive alleles were not separated during meiosis?
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What would happen if an organism possesses two identical alleles for a trait?
What would happen if an organism possesses two identical alleles for a trait?
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Which of the following correctly describes the alleles for seed shape and pod color in Mendel's experiments?
Which of the following correctly describes the alleles for seed shape and pod color in Mendel's experiments?
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What best describes the gametes produced by an individual with a genotype RrGg?
What best describes the gametes produced by an individual with a genotype RrGg?
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What is the result of crossing a red snapdragon flower with a white snapdragon flower when neither allele is dominant?
What is the result of crossing a red snapdragon flower with a white snapdragon flower when neither allele is dominant?
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During which stage of meiosis does independent assortment occur?
During which stage of meiosis does independent assortment occur?
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What is true about co-dominant alleles?
What is true about co-dominant alleles?
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What is the phenotypic ratio resulting from a cross of RR and WW in snapdragons?
What is the phenotypic ratio resulting from a cross of RR and WW in snapdragons?
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What relationship between alleles is demonstrated when a child has wavy hair from one curly parent and one straight parent?
What relationship between alleles is demonstrated when a child has wavy hair from one curly parent and one straight parent?
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In which situation do heterozygotes exhibit phenotypes that are more extreme than either homozygote?
In which situation do heterozygotes exhibit phenotypes that are more extreme than either homozygote?
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What results from a dihybrid cross of two individuals with dominant traits for coat color, CRCR and CWCW, where both traits show complete dominance?
What results from a dihybrid cross of two individuals with dominant traits for coat color, CRCR and CWCW, where both traits show complete dominance?
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What does the genotypic ratio 1RR:2RW:1WW indicate in a genetic cross?
What does the genotypic ratio 1RR:2RW:1WW indicate in a genetic cross?
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Study Notes
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
- Law of Segregation: During gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other. This means that each gamete receives only one allele for each trait.
- Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (and offspring) independently of one another. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait.
- Dominant Trait: When a dominant trait is present in a genotype, the phenotype will be determined by the dominant allele.
- Recessive Trait: A recessive trait will only be expressed if both alleles are recessive.
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles.
- Phenotype: The observable physical characteristics of an organism.
Types of Dominance
- Complete Dominance: One allele completely masks the expression of the other allele.
- Incomplete Dominance: The phenotype of the heterozygote is a blend of the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.
- Co-Dominance: Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote.
- Over Dominance: The heterozygote exhibits a more extreme phenotype than either homozygote.
- No Dominance: Neither allele is dominant over the other.
Gregor Mendel
- Gregor Mendel, an Austrian Monk, is known as the "Father of Genetics".
- He studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants.
- Mendel identified seven traits in pea plants: seed color, flower color, seed pod color, seed shape, seed pod shape, stem length, and flower position.
Key Terms
- Trait: Any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
- Heredity: The passing of traits from parent to offspring.
- Genetics: The study of heredity.
- Gene: A unit of heredity that determines a specific characteristic.
- Alleles: Different forms of the same gene.
- Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait.
- Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a trait.
Types of Crosses
- Monohybrid Cross: A cross involving a single trait.
- Dihybrid Cross: A cross involving two traits.
- P Generation: The original parental generation.
- F1 Generation: The first filial generation, offspring of the P generation.
- F2 Generation: The second filial generation, offspring of the F1 generation.
Meiosis
- Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes (egg and sperm cells).
- During meiosis, chromosomes are duplicated and then divided into two daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
- This process helps to ensure genetic diversity by shuffling the alleles and creating unique combinations.
- Both segregation and independent assortment occur during meiosis.
Crossing Over
- Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
- It involves the exchange and recombination of genetic information between chromosomes.
- Crossing over increases the genetic diversity of offspring, ensuring that each individual has a unique genetic makeup.
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Description
Test your understanding of Mendel's Laws of Inheritance, including the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. Explore the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, along with genotype and phenotype definitions. This quiz is perfect for students studying genetics or biology.
