Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

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Questions and Answers

Why was the work of Gregor Mendel not immediately recognized during his time?

Mendel's findings were perceived as aligned with prevailing biological theories.
His concept of genes as discrete units was contradictory to the accepted notion of continuous variation. (correct)
His conclusions were deemed inconsequential to the field of biology.
Mendel's research lacked thorough statistical analysis.

If a plant of genotype Tt is self-pollinated, yielding tall and dwarf offspring, what does this indicate about the alleles?

The 'T' and 't' alleles exhibit co-dominance.
The 't' allele is dominant.
The 'T' allele is incompletely dominant.
The 'T' allele is dominant. (correct)

In Mendel's monohybrid crosses, what evidence led him to propose that alleles segregate during gamete formation?

Traits blend uniformly in the F1 generation
The recessive trait disappears completely in the F2 generation.
The F1 generation shows exclusively the recessive trait.
The recessive trait reappears in the F2 generation without blending. (correct)

What distinguishes co-dominance from incomplete dominance in genetic inheritance?

In co-dominance, the F1 generation expresses both parental traits, while in incomplete dominance, the F1 exhibits an intermediate phenotype. (C)

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What is the implication of multiple alleles in a population?

Each individual can only possess two alleles for a gene, but the population has more than two variations. (A)

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Why is dominance not considered an inherent attribute of a gene or its product?

Because it depends on how the gene product and the resulting phenotype are examined. (D)

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If a plant with RrYy genotype self-hybridizes, what genetic principle explains the independent assortment of the R and Y alleles?

The alleles for round/wrinkled and yellow/green seed shape are located on different chromosomes. (B)

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How did the rediscovery of Mendel's work and advancements in microscopy contribute to the understanding of inheritance?

They revealed the physical structures responsible for heredity and cell division. (D)

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If two genes show very low recombination frequency, what does this suggest about their physical relationship on the chromosome?

The genes are closely linked on the same chromosome. (B)

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What does the phenomenon of polygenic inheritance imply about the determination of traits?

Traits are determined by the interaction of multiple genes. (A)

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How does the concept of pleiotropy challenge the traditional view of one gene-one trait relationship?

It asserts that a single gene is able to impact multiple distinct traits. (B)

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What is the fundamental difference between male and female heterogamety in sex determination?

In male heterogamety, males produce two types of gametes with different sex chromosomes, while in female heterogamety, females do so. (C)

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What is the genetic basis of sex determination in humans, and how does it relate to societal misconceptions?

Sex is determined by the sperm carrying either an X or Y chromosome, challenging misconceptions about female responsibility. (D)

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What are the implications of the haplodiploid sex-determination system in honeybees regarding their relatedness?

Females are more closely related to each other than to their own offspring. (A)

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What is the distinction between point mutations and chromosomal aberrations in terms of their effect on DNA?

Point mutations involve alterations in single base pairs, while chromosomal aberrations involve changes in chromosome segments or number. (D)

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How does pedigree analysis assist in understanding the inheritance of genetic traits or disorders?

By predicting the likelihood of specific traits in future generations based on family history. (B)

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What is the significance of understanding whether a Mendelian disorder is dominant or recessive for genetic counseling?

It helps determine the probability of the disorder appearing in future generations. (D)

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How does the inheritance pattern of sex-linked recessive traits differ from that of autosomal traits?

Sex-linked traits are transmitted from carrier females to male progeny. (C)

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In the context of sickle-cell anemia, how does the heterozygous condition (HbA HbS) relate to the concept of carriers?

Heterozygotes are seemingly unaffected but pass down disease allele to progeny. (A)

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What distinguishes thalassemia from sickle-cell anemia in terms of their effects on hemoglobin?

Thalassemia reduces rate of synthesis of globin chains while sickle-cell produces a faulty globin (C)

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How does aneuploidy lead to genetic disorders, and what are some examples of such disorders?

Aneuploidy results from an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to disorders like Down syndrome or Turner syndrome. (D)

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In the context of Down syndrome, what are the genetic mechanisms behind this chromosomal disorder, and how does it affect the phenotype?

Down's syndrome arises from a trisomy of chromosome and affects physical development and reduce mental function. (A)

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What are the distinctive features of Turner syndrome, and how do they relate to the chromosomal abnormality involved?

Turner's syndrome, with the XO karyotype, results in rudimentary ovaries and some other loss of secondary sex traits. (A)

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What are the expected results of a test cross?

The genotype of a plant can be determined. (D)

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What is the expected genotypic ratio of the F2 generation after the F1 generation self-pollinated?

1:2:1 (D)

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Flashcards

What is Inheritance?

The process where characters are passed from parent to offspring.

What is Variation?

The degree that progeny differ from their parents.