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Questions and Answers
What was the primary subject of Mendel's experiments?
What was the primary subject of Mendel's experiments?
- Pea plant traits (correct)
- Insect behavior
- Soil nutrient analysis
- Animal breeding
What process did Mendel use to control plant breeding?
What process did Mendel use to control plant breeding?
- Random selection of seeds
- Planting in mixed environments
- Manual cross-fertilization (correct)
- Observation of natural breeding
What term describes individuals with two different alleles for a single trait?
What term describes individuals with two different alleles for a single trait?
- Monohybrids (correct)
- Homozygotes
- Dihybrids
- Diploids
Which of the following traits did Mendel observe in his experiments?
Which of the following traits did Mendel observe in his experiments?
What is the trait called that is not visibly expressed in the first generation offspring (F1)?
What is the trait called that is not visibly expressed in the first generation offspring (F1)?
What did Mendel use to ensure the reliability of his experimental results?
What did Mendel use to ensure the reliability of his experimental results?
What did Mendel identify as the units of inheritance?
What did Mendel identify as the units of inheritance?
Which statement is true regarding the traits Mendel studied?
Which statement is true regarding the traits Mendel studied?
Flashcards
Pure-breeding pea plants
Pure-breeding pea plants
Pea plants that consistently produce offspring with the same traits when self-fertilized.
Controlled breeding
Controlled breeding
Manually controlling the breeding process of pea plants through cross-fertilization or self-fertilization.
Mendel's Experiment
Mendel's Experiment
A scientific study of inheritance in pea plants.
Dominant Trait
Dominant Trait
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Recessive Trait
Recessive Trait
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Monohybrid
Monohybrid
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Gene
Gene
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Allele
Allele
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Study Notes
Mendel's Experiments on Pea Plants
- Mendel's work on pea plants, published in 1866, became foundational to modern genetics
- He studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants
- He tracked how traits appeared, disappeared, and reappeared in successive generations
Keys to Mendel's Success
- Mendel used pure-breeding lines of pea plants (Pisum sativum)
- He controlled breeding through cross-fertilization and selfing methods
- He observed large numbers of progeny over short periods
- He focused on traits that showed clear alternative forms (e.g., purple or white flowers)
- He carefully and meticulously designed and performed his experiments
- He analyzed results mathematically
Mendel's Principles of Inheritance
- Each plant carries two copies of a unit of inheritance (now known as genes)
- Each trait has two forms (dominant and recessive)
- The dominant trait appears in the first filial (F1) generation
- The recessive trait remains hidden in the F1 generation, but reappears in subsequent generations
- Alternative forms of a gene are called alleles
- Individuals with two different alleles are called monohybrids
- Specialized cells (gametes, like egg or sperm) carry genes across generations
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Description
This quiz covers Gregor Mendel's pioneering experiments with pea plants, which laid the groundwork for modern genetics. It includes details about his methodologies, principles of inheritance, and the significance of his findings in the study of genetics.
