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Questions and Answers
What is the Law of Segregation and its significance in inheritance?
What is the Law of Segregation and its significance in inheritance?
The Law of Segregation states that each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair, and each sex cell contains only one gene of the pair, ensuring offspring inherit one allele from each parent.
Explain the concept of dominant and recessive traits.
Explain the concept of dominant and recessive traits.
Dominant traits always show up in the next generation with just one allele present, while recessive traits require two copies of the allele to be expressed.
How does the Law of Independent Assortment influence genetic variation?
How does the Law of Independent Assortment influence genetic variation?
The Law of Independent Assortment states that genes for different traits are inherited independently, which increases genetic variation among offspring.
What does it mean for an organism to be homozygous?
What does it mean for an organism to be homozygous?
What defines a heterozygous organism in terms of alleles?
What defines a heterozygous organism in terms of alleles?
How do Mendel's experiments support the Law of Dominance?
How do Mendel's experiments support the Law of Dominance?
What is the significance of the term 'true breeding' in genetics?
What is the significance of the term 'true breeding' in genetics?
In Mendel's pea plant experiments, how could one determine the dominance of the 'tall' trait?
In Mendel's pea plant experiments, how could one determine the dominance of the 'tall' trait?
Flashcards
Mendelian Inheritance
Mendelian Inheritance
The principles of heredity, formulated by Gregor Mendel, describing how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
Law of Segregation
Law of Segregation
Each parent contributes one allele for a trait; these alleles separate during gamete formation.
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other, meaning that the inheritance of one trait doesn't influence the inheritance of another.
Law of Dominance
Law of Dominance
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Dominant Allele
Dominant Allele
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Recessive Allele
Recessive Allele
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Homozygous
Homozygous
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Study Notes
Mendelian Inheritance
- Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) is considered the "Father of Genetics"
- He discovered fundamental laws of inheritance
- Genes come in pairs
- Genes are inherited as distinct units
- Parental genes segregate
- Traits can be dominant or recessive
Mendel's Laws of Heredity
- Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. Each sex cell contains only one gene of the pair. Offspring inherit one genetic allele from each parent.
- Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another, so inheritance of one trait is not dependent on another.
- Law of Dominance: An organism with different alleles of a gene will express the form that is dominant.
Dominant and Recessive Traits
- Dominant trait: Always shows up in the next generation
- Dominant traits only need one allele present to be expressed
- Recessive trait: Can hide in the offspring
- Recessive traits require two copies of the allele to be expressed
Homozygous vs Heterozygous
- Homozygous: Two identical alleles for a gene (e.g., TT - tall, tt - dwarf)
- Heterozygous: Two different alleles for a gene (e.g., Tt - tall)
Genotype vs Phenotype
- Genotype: Genes, how it's written (e.g., TT, Tt, tt)
- Phenotype: Trait, how it looks (e.g., tall, dwarf)
- Phenotype "tall" is dominant to "dwarf".
- Hybrids are also known as heterozygotes
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Description
Test your knowledge on Mendelian inheritance and the fundamental laws of heredity established by Gregor Mendel. This quiz covers key concepts such as the Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment, and the distinction between dominant and recessive traits. Gain insights into how these principles shape genetic inheritance in organisms.
