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Questions and Answers
Which trait is an example of a recessive disorder?
Which trait is an example of a recessive disorder?
In a cross between two heterozygous parents for a dominant trait, what is the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring?
In a cross between two heterozygous parents for a dominant trait, what is the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring?
Which disorder is characterized by late expression and no carrier state?
Which disorder is characterized by late expression and no carrier state?
What pattern of inheritance typically involves the expression of both alleles to some degree?
What pattern of inheritance typically involves the expression of both alleles to some degree?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason inheritance may deviate from simple Mendelian patterns?
Which of the following is NOT a reason inheritance may deviate from simple Mendelian patterns?
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What is the genotype configuration for a carrier of a recessive disorder?
What is the genotype configuration for a carrier of a recessive disorder?
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In a cross between one homozygous dominant and one homozygous recessive individual, what is the phenotype of the offspring?
In a cross between one homozygous dominant and one homozygous recessive individual, what is the phenotype of the offspring?
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Which disorder is associated with early mortality in homozygous recessive individuals?
Which disorder is associated with early mortality in homozygous recessive individuals?
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What type of inheritance is described by the additive effect of two or more genes on a single trait?
What type of inheritance is described by the additive effect of two or more genes on a single trait?
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Which description fits the phenomenon where a gene at one locus affects the phenotypic expression of another gene?
Which description fits the phenomenon where a gene at one locus affects the phenotypic expression of another gene?
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Which type of inheritance can lead to a trait being influenced by environmental conditions?
Which type of inheritance can lead to a trait being influenced by environmental conditions?
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What term describes a gene that has multiple effects on different phenotypic traits?
What term describes a gene that has multiple effects on different phenotypic traits?
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Which blood group inheritance pattern exemplifies co-dominance?
Which blood group inheritance pattern exemplifies co-dominance?
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In the context of quantitative traits, what is a characteristic that might exhibit polygenic inheritance?
In the context of quantitative traits, what is a characteristic that might exhibit polygenic inheritance?
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Which of the following best defines the genetic phenomenon of co-dominance?
Which of the following best defines the genetic phenomenon of co-dominance?
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Which example illustrates the concept of epistasis in genetic expression?
Which example illustrates the concept of epistasis in genetic expression?
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Study Notes
Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
- Some human traits follow Mendelian patterns, though rare
- Examples include: albinism, webbed fingers, and achondroplasia
Recessive Disorders
- Recessively inherited disorders only appear in homozygous recessive individuals
- Carriers are heterozygous and phenotypically normal
- Examples include: Tay-Sachs, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anemia, and albinism
Albinism (Example of Recessive Disorder)
- Punnett Square: Shows possible genotypes and phenotypes for offspring from heterozygous parents.
- Genotypes: AA (normal), Aa (carrier), aa (albino)
- Phenotypes: Normal, carrier, albino
Dominant Disorders
- Achondroplasia is an example
- Most US individuals are homozygous recessive
- Fatal dominant disorders are rare
- No carrier state – Huntington's disease is an example
- Late expression makes them more common
Inheritance Deviating from Simple Mendelian Patterns
- Environment influences phenotype
- Multiple genes affect a single trait
- Multiple alleles for a single trait
- Incomplete dominance (both alleles expressed to some degree)
- Co-dominance (both alleles expressed)
Multiple Allele Inheritance
- Human blood groups (ABO) exhibit co-dominance and complete dominance
- Multiple alleles result in a variety of blood types (A, B, AB, O)
Polygenic Inheritance
- Additive effect of two or more genes on a single trait
- Examples: Skin color (a quantitative trait)
Pleiotropy
- Gene with multiple phenotypic effects
- Sickle cell anemia affecting hemoglobin, blood cell shape and other traits
Epistasis
- One gene at one locus alters expression of a second gene
- Example: Labrador Retriever coat colors
Multifactorial
- Expression of genes influenced by environmental conditions
- Example: Hydrangea flower color affected by soil acidity
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Description
Test your knowledge on Mendelian inheritance patterns, including dominant and recessive disorders. This quiz covers examples such as albinism and achondroplasia, and explores the relevance of gene interactions and environmental influences on phenotype. Are you ready to challenge your understanding of genetics?
