Mendelian Genetics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of helicase during DNA replication?

  • To add RNA primers
  • To synthesize new DNA strands
  • To relax the double helix
  • To unwind the double helix (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?

  • Height (correct)
  • Blue eyes
  • Attached earlobes
  • Freckles

    • What is the term for the interaction between genes affecting a single trait?

  • Autosomal dominance
  • Sex-linked recessive
  • Epistasis (correct)
  • Polygenic inheritance

    • What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

    <p>To add nucleotides to the RNA transcript</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation results in a change in the reading frame?

    <p>Frameshift mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of combining DNA from different sources?

    <p>Recombinant DNA technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of amplifying specific DNA sequences?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the discovery of the double helix model of DNA?

    <p>James Watson and Francis Crick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetics

    Mendelian Genetics

    • Laws of Inheritance:
      1. Law of Segregation: Each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation.
      2. Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different genes are sorted independently.
      3. Law of Dominance: One allele can be dominant over another allele.

    Inheritance Patterns

    • Autosomal Traits: Traits influenced by genes on non-sex chromosomes.
    • Sex-Linked Traits: Traits influenced by genes on sex chromosomes.
    • Polygenic Traits: Traits influenced by multiple genes.
    • Epistasis: Interaction between genes affecting a single trait.

    DNA Structure and Replication

    • Double Helix Model: Two complementary strands of nucleotides twisted together.
    • DNA Replication:
      1. Unwinding: Helicase unwinds the double helix.
      2. Unzipping: Topoisomerase relaxes the double helix.
      3. Synthesis: Primase adds RNA primers, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides.

    Gene Expression

    • Transcription:
      1. Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to promoter region.
      2. Elongation: RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to RNA transcript.
      3. Termination: RNA polymerase releases RNA transcript.
    • Translation:
      1. Initiation: Ribosome binds to mRNA, tRNA brings amino acid.
      2. Elongation: Amino acids added to polypeptide chain.
      3. Termination: Stop codon signals protein synthesis completion.

    Genetic Variation and Mutation

    • Point Mutations: Single nucleotide changes in DNA sequence.
    • Frameshift Mutations: Insertions or deletions leading to altered reading frame.
    • Gene Duplication: Duplication of a gene, potentially leading to new functions.

    Biotechnology and Genomics

    • Recombinant DNA Technology: Combining DNA from different sources.
    • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Amplifying specific DNA sequences.
    • Genomic Analysis: Studying entire genomes to understand gene function and evolution.

    Mendelian Genetics

    • Laws of Inheritance:
      • Alleles separate during gamete formation (Law of Segregation)
      • Alleles for different genes are sorted independently (Law of Independent Assortment)
      • One allele can be dominant over another allele (Law of Dominance)

    Inheritance Patterns

    • Autosomal Traits: Traits influenced by genes on non-sex chromosomes
    • Sex-Linked Traits: Traits influenced by genes on sex chromosomes
    • Polygenic Traits: Traits influenced by multiple genes
    • Epistasis: Interaction between genes affecting a single trait

    DNA Structure and Replication

    • Double Helix Model: Two complementary strands of nucleotides twisted together
    • DNA Replication:
      • Helicase unwinds the double helix
      • Topoisomerase relaxes the double helix
      • Primase adds RNA primers, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides

    Gene Expression

    • Transcription:
      • RNA polymerase binds to promoter region (initiation)
      • RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to RNA transcript (elongation)
      • RNA polymerase releases RNA transcript (termination)
    • Translation:
      • Ribosome binds to mRNA, tRNA brings amino acid (initiation)
      • Amino acids added to polypeptide chain (elongation)
      • Stop codon signals protein synthesis completion (termination)

    Genetic Variation and Mutation

    • Point Mutations: Single nucleotide changes in DNA sequence
    • Frameshift Mutations: Insertions or deletions leading to altered reading frame
    • Gene Duplication: Duplication of a gene, potentially leading to new functions

    Biotechnology and Genomics

    • Recombinant DNA Technology: Combining DNA from different sources
    • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Amplifying specific DNA sequences
    • Genomic Analysis: Studying entire genomes to understand gene function and evolution

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    Test your understanding of Mendelian genetics, including the laws of inheritance, autosomal and sex-linked traits, and more.

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