Memory: Serial Position, Primacy, and Recency Effects

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the serial position curve describe?

  • Loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events.
  • In a memory experiment in which participants are asked to recall a list of words, a plot of the percentage of participants remembering each word against the position of that word in the list. See also Primacy effect; Recency effect. (correct)

What is long-term memory (LTM)?

A memory mechanism that can hold large amounts of information for long periods of time. Long-term memory is one of the stages in the modal model of memory.

What is the primacy effect?

In a memory experiment in which a list of words is presented, enhanced memory for words presented at the beginning of the list. See also Recency effect.

What is coding?

<p>The form in which stimuli are represented in the mind. For example, information can be represented in visual, semantic, and phonological forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is proactive interference?

<p>When information learned previously interferes with learning new information. See also Retroactive interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recognition memory?

<p>Identifying a stimulus that was encountered earlier. Stimuli are presented during a study period; later, the same stimuli plus other, new stimuli are presented. The participants' task is to pick the stimuli that were originally presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is release from proactive interference?

<p>A situation in which conditions occur that eliminate or reduce the decrease in performance caused by proactive interference. See the Wickens experiment described in Chapter 6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hippocampus?

<p>A subcortical structure that is important for forming long-term memories, and that also plays a role in remote episodic memories and in short-term storage of novel information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are personal semantic memories?

<p>Semantic components of autobiographical memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is semanticization of remote memories?

<p>Loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mental time travel?

<p>According to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory, in which a person travels back in time in his or her mind to reexperience events that happened in the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the remember/know procedure?

<p>A procedure in which subjects are presented with a stimulus they have encountered before and are asked to indicate remember, if they remember the circumstances under which they initially encountered it, or know, if the stimulus seems familiar but they don't remember experiencing it earlier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is autobiographical memory?

<p>Memory for specific events from a person's life, which can include both episodic and semantic components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the constructive episodic simulation hyphothesis?

<p>The hypothesis proposed by Schacter and Addis that episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct simulations of future events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expert-induced amnesia?

<p>Amnesia that occurs because well-learned procedural memories do not require attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is skill memory?

<p>Memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills. See Procedural memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are explicit memories?

<p>Memory that involves conscious recollections of events or facts that we have learned in the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is procedural memory?

<p>Memory for how to carry out highly practiced skills. Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory because although people can carry out a skilled behavior, they often cannot explain exactly how they are able to do so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is repetition priming?

<p>When an initial presentation of a stimulus affects the person's response to the same stimulus when it is presented later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the propaganda effect?

<p>People are more likely to rate statements they have read or heard before as being true, just because of prior exposure to the statements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Long-term memory (LTM)

A memory mechanism that can hold large amounts of information for long periods of time. One of the stages in the modal model of memory.

Serial Position Curve

A graph showing the percentage of participants remembering each word against its position in a list during a memory experiment.

Primacy Effect

In a memory experiment, enhanced memory for words presented at the beginning of a list.

Coding

The form in which stimuli are represented in the mind (visual, semantic, phonological).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recency Effect

Enhanced memory for words presented at the end of a list in a memory experiment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proactive Interference

When previously learned information interferes with learning new information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recognition Memory

Identifying a stimulus that was encountered earlier.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Release from Proactive Interference

When conditions eliminate the decrease in performance caused by proactive interference.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hippocampus

A subcortical structure important for forming long-term memories and short-term storage of novel information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Semanticization of Remote Memories

Loss of episodic details for old memories.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Serial position curve is a plot of the percentage of participants remembering each word against the position of that word in the list in a memory experiment.
  • Long-term memory (LTM) is a memory mechanism that can hold large amounts of information for long periods of time and is one of the stages in the modal model of memory.
  • Primacy effect is enhanced memory for words presented at the beginning of a list in a memory experiment.
  • Coding is the form in which stimuli are represented in the mind, such as visual, semantic, and phonological forms.
  • Proactive interference occurs when information learned previously interferes with learning new information.
  • Recency effect refers to enhanced memory for words presented at the end of a list in a memory experiment.
  • Recognition memory involves identifying a stimulus that was encountered earlier.
  • Release from proactive interference occurs when conditions eliminate or reduce the decrease in performance caused by proactive interference.
  • Hippocampus is critical for forming long-term memories and plays a role in remote episodic memories and short-term storage of novel information.
  • Personal semantic memories are the semantic components of autobiographical memories.
  • Semanticization of remote memories refers to the loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events.
  • Mental time travel is the defining property of the experience of episodic memory, enabling a person to re-experience past events.
  • Remember/know procedure involves subjects indicating if they remember the specific circumstances of encountering a stimulus or if it just seems familiar.
  • Autobiographical memory is memory for specific events from a person's life, including both episodic and semantic components.
  • Constructive episodic simulation hypothesis proposes that episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct simulations of future events.
  • Expert-induced amnesia is amnesia that occurs because well-learned procedural memories do not require attention.
  • Skill memory involves memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills.
  • Explicit memories involve conscious recollections of events or facts that have been learned.
  • Priming is a change in response to a stimulus caused by the previous presentation of the same or a similar stimulus.
  • Procedural memory is memory for how to carry out highly practiced skills.
  • Implicit memories occur when an experience affects a person's behavior without conscious awareness of the experience.
  • Repetition priming occurs when an initial stimulus affects a person's response to the same stimulus when presented later.
  • The propaganda effect is when people are more likely to rate statements they have heard or read before as being true solely due to prior exposure.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Free Recall Method and Serial Position Effect
10 questions

Recall Method Quiz: Master Serial Position Effect

EncouragingNewYork avatar
EncouragingNewYork
Serial Position Effect Quiz
4 questions

Serial Position Effect Quiz

ImpartialAlbuquerque avatar
ImpartialAlbuquerque
Psychology Short-Term Memory Quiz
40 questions

Psychology Short-Term Memory Quiz

CostEffectiveSynergy avatar
CostEffectiveSynergy
Psychology Chapter: The Serial Position Effect
33 questions

Psychology Chapter: The Serial Position Effect

FamousSlideWhistle2733 avatar
FamousSlideWhistle2733
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser