Memory Overview and Encoding Techniques

What is the primary process involved in transforming perceptions into memories?

Which type of encoding involves relating new information in a meaningful way to existing knowledge?

What was the result of the survival encoding tasks in the experiments?

In the context of memory functions, which process is responsible for maintaining information over time?

Which encoding method involves categorizing information based on relationships among items?

What is the primary function of long-term potentiation (LTP)?

Which receptor is primarily involved in controlling the initiation of long-term potentiation?

What does the encoding specificity principle suggest about retrieval cues?

Which type of memory involves the conscious or intentional retrieval of past experiences?

What is the role of state-dependent retrieval?

Which of the following statements about implicit memory is true?

What does the phenomenon of priming involve?

Which of the following accurately describes procedural memory?

What type of memory holds sensory information for a few seconds or less?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short-term memory (STM)?

What is the process of combining small pieces of information into larger chunks called?

In the context of working memory, which component is responsible for processing visual and spatial information?

What condition describes the inability to retrieve information acquired before an injury or operation?

Which process helps to stabilize memories after they have been initially formed?

What happens to memories during reconsolidation?

Which of the following accurately describes the capacity of long-term memory (LTM)?

What does absentmindedness primarily involve?

Which type of memory failure is characterized by increased difficulty in retrieving available information?

What phenomenon describes the feeling of knowing something but being unable to retrieve it?

Which cognitive process is influenced by present knowledge and beliefs when recalling past events?

What kind of memory misattribution involves recalling events inaccurately due to external suggestions?

Which brain region is closely involved in the phenomena of misattribution and blocking?

Which of the following statements about childhood amnesia is true?

What external factors can influence suggestibility in memory recall?

What describes the tendency to exaggerate the differences between current beliefs and past beliefs?

Which type of memory is characterized by a detailed recollection of shocking events?

What happens to individuals with amygdala damage in terms of remembering emotional experiences?

What term describes the intrusive recollection of events that a person wishes to forget?

Which phenomenon is characterized by a lack of familiarity with an experience that should be familiar?

What is meant by 'cryptomnesia'?

Which bias is linked to reconstructing past events to fit current feelings?

What is the primary effect of emotional experiences on memory retention?

What type of memory allows for the visualization of personal futures through creative thinking?

Which brain regions are primarily involved in perceptual priming?

What is the primary mechanism of forgetting described by decay theory?

What type of interference occurs when previously learned information disrupts the recall of new information?

Which of the following is NOT one of the memory failures listed?

What characterizes the forgetting curve?

What is the key feature of divergent creative thinking?

Which type of memory represents a network of associated facts and concepts?

What is the process of maintaining information in memory over time called?

Which encoding method transforms new information into mental pictures?

Among the various encoding tasks tested, which condition yielded the best memory recall?

What impact does survival-related information have on memory encoding?

Which process is involved when existing knowledge helps to understand new information?

What is the characteristic of short-term memory (STM)?

Which process refers to the act of maintaining information in short-term memory through repetition?

What type of amnesia involves the inability to transfer new information to long-term memory?

Which part of the brain is crucial for the consolidation of memories?

During which process do memories become vulnerable to disruption?

What is a characteristic of long-term memory (LTM)?

What role do retrieval cues play in memory recall?

Which mechanism helps store and manipulate information actively in working memory?

Which of the following describes the fast-decaying store of auditory information?

Which principle suggests that memory recall is better when the context at retrieval matches the context at encoding?

What is one consequence of the act of retrieval on memory?

Which type of memory does NOT rely on the hippocampus?

What concept describes the gradual acquisition of skills through practice?

What is the term for enhanced ability to think of a stimulus due to recent exposure?

Which statement best describes the effect of matching encoding and retrieval contexts?

In what way does implicit memory differ from explicit memory?

What condition is characterized by a lapse in attention that results in memory failure?

What is the primary reason suggestibility can lead to false memories?

What is the role of the frontal lobe in memory misattribution?

What type of memory is particularly affected by absentmindedness?

How does blocking typically manifest in the context of memory recall?

What phenomenon describes a feeling of familiarity for something that has never been encountered before?

Which of the following factors can increase blocking, particularly in older individuals?

Which memory type specifically relates to personal experiences that occurred at a specific time and place?

What is the effect of emotional experiences on memory retention?

What is the primary characteristic of transience in memory failures?

Which type of memory is characterized by vivid recollections of shocking events?

Which type of priming is associated with the activation of the visual cortex during memory retrieval?

What does decay theory suggest about how memories fade away?

What is the tendency to exaggerate how different we feel now compared to the past called?

Which memory phenomenon involves mistakenly believing an idea is your original creation?

Which process describes the phenomenon where learning new information disrupts the recall of previously learned information?

What happens to individuals with amygdala damage regarding emotional events?

What is a primary function of episodic memory in relation to divergent creative thinking?

What is the intrusion of unwanted memories that a person wishes to forget called?

Which memory failure involves the difficulty in recalling information that's accessible?

Which type of memory is primarily involved in our general knowledge of the world, including facts and concepts?

Which term describes experiencing a situation with a lack of familiarity when it should be familiar?

What is the adaptive aspect of the seven sins of memory?

What is the definition of consciousness?

According to Descartes, what is the site of the mind?

Which is NOT one of the four basic principles of consciousness?

What is the name of the tendency of suppressed thought to return to consciousness?

What is the term used by Freud to describe the active system of the unconscious?

The cognitive unconscious includes all mental processes, even those that are experienced by the person.

Which of the following theories suggests that the brain tries to make sense of random neural activity during sleep?

What is the term for a state of altered consciousness that departs from the normal subjective experience?

Which of the following is NOT a sleep disorder?

REM sleep deprivation has less detrimental effects than slow-wave sleep deprivation.

What are the five major characteristics that distinguish dreaming from waking consciousness?

What is the term for the apparent topic or superficial meaning of a dream?

Which brain region is particularly active during dreaming, according to fMRI scans?

Which category of psychoactive drugs includes caffeine, amphetamines, nicotine, and cocaine?

What is the term for a drug that is believed to increase the risk of using more harmful drugs?

Which category of psychoactive drugs does alcohol belong to?

What term describes the condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading to simple responses to complex situations?

What category of drugs include heroin, morphine, and methadone?

What type of drugs include LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, and PCP?