Memory Mastery Quiz

The Multi-Store Model of Memory and Memory Processes

• Atkinson & Shiffrin's multi-store model of memory includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
• Sensory memory stores a large amount of sensory information for a brief period, while short-term memory has a limited capacity of 5-9 units of information for about 20 seconds.
• Long-term memory is unlimited in capacity and includes procedural memories (non-declarative) and declarative memories, which can be semantic or episodic.
• Long-term memories can be prospective or retrospective and explicit or implicit, with the latter being recalled without conscious effort.
• Priming is a method for studying implicit memory, where exposure to a stimulus facilitates or inhibits a person's response to the same or similar stimulus.
• The serial position effect shows that people are likely to remember words at the beginning and end of a list more than those in the middle.
• Baddeley's working memory model includes the central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.
• False memories are illusory memories that do not correspond to actual events, and the Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure is used to study them.
• Trace decay theory posits that memories deteriorate over time when not rehearsed or recalled, while inference theory explains forgetting as a disruption of memories due to previous or recently acquired information.
• Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to learn or recall new information, while retroactive interference occurs when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to recall previous information.
• Techniques for improving memory include elaborative rehearsal, encoding specificity, verbal and visual imagery mnemonics, and practice testing.
• Memory processes are complex and involve various factors that affect how information is stored, retrieved, and forgotten.