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Questions and Answers
What are the two main memory architectures discussed in the text?
Von Neumann Architecture and Harvard Architecture
What is the difference between Von Neumann Architecture and Harvard Architecture?
In Von Neumann Architecture, code and data are accessed in one address space, while in Harvard Architecture, code is accessed in one address space and data and I/O ports are in another address space
What are the storage units discussed in the text?
bytes, words, and long words
What aspects of memory use are discussed in the text?
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What is the size of a memory address in byte addressable memory?
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What is the advantage of using C over assembly code?
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What are some good reasons for learning assembly language?
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What is C referred to as?
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What are some advantages of C over assembly language?
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What are some resources for studying assembly language?
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Study Notes
Memory Architectures
- Von Neumann Architecture:
- Code and data are accessed in one address space
- I/O ports may be in the same address space (Memory Mapped I/O) or a separate I/O address space (Intel)
- Harvard Architecture:
- Code is accessed in one address space
- Data and I/O ports are in another address space
Comparison of Vendor Implementations
- Program Code:
- Intel 386: Von Neumann Architecture
- Atmega: Harvard Architecture
- Motorola 68xxx: Von Neumann Architecture
Intel Memory Architecture
- Key aspects of memory use:
- Storage of bytes
- Storage of words and long words
- Storage of strings
- The stack and the stack pointer
- RAM and ROM
- Addressing in real mode and protected mode
Storage of Bytes
- Memory is byte addressable (8 bits/byte)
- A memory address "points" to the location of a byte
Assembly Language Programming
- Key benefits:
- Allows low-level operations on bits and bytes
- Allows access to memory via use of pointers
- Integrates well with assembly language functions
C versus Assembly Language
- C is called a "portable assembly language"
- Advantages of C over assembly code:
- Easier to read and understand source code
- Requires fewer lines of code for the same function
- Does not require knowledge of the hardware
- Good reasons for learning assembly language:
- Learn how a processor works
- Improve performance in time-critical sections of code
- Write a new operating system or in low-level programming
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Description
Quiz on Memory Architectures: Test your knowledge on the different memory architectures, including Von Neumann and Harvard architectures. Learn about code and data access in address spaces, I/O port configurations, and more.
