Memory and Language Acquisition Quiz

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Which learning process is described as acquiring and storing items as arbitrary entities?

Experiential learning

Constructivist learning

Rote learning (correct)

Meaningful learning

What method did Smith describe to enhance retention of arbitrary items for memory tasks?

Conceptual mapping

Visual imagery

Chunking information

Manufacturing meaningfulness (correct)

What does systematic 'forgetting' in the context of meaningful learning imply?

Retention is solely dependent on behavioral reinforcement

Subsumed items are pruned in favor of a larger concept (correct)

Increased repetitions enhance memorization

Immediate retention of all items learned

According to recent linguistic research, what plays a crucial role in language acquisition?

Frequency of exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'magic seven, plus or minus two' rule in the context of memory?

The capacity limit for working memory Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for meaningful retention of cognitive items?

Emotional impact or significance Signup and view all the answers

How is rote learning typically less effective in terms of retention compared to meaningful learning?

Rote learning often suffers from interference by contiguous items Signup and view all the answers

When an individual narrowly escapes danger, how is this type of learning categorized?

Experiential learning Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of language learning did the advocate emphasize teaching before focusing on syntactic forms?

Overall intonation patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which tool did the advocate innovate for helping learners hear sentence stress and intonation?

Kazoos Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of successful language learners?

Multilingualism Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT)?

Predictability of various cognitive skills in language learning Signup and view all the answers

What common belief regarding language aptitude is suggested by anecdotal evidence?

Some individuals may have a natural knack for languages Signup and view all the answers

Which algorithm was NOT used historically in language aptitude testing?

Language Proficiency Assessment Tool (LPAT) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the debated aspects of language aptitude?

Its distinct separation from general cognitive abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which behavioral trait is associated with higher language learning success?

Willingness to communicate Signup and view all the answers

How does Vygotsky view the role of language in cognitive development?

Language is instrumental in thought and its development is rooted in social collaboration. Signup and view all the answers

What does Vygotsky emphasize as essential for understanding human mental activity?

The mediation of symbols, signs, and language. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main critiques that Vygotsky had against the behavioral paradigm?

It fails to account for the social context in cognitive development. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do recent educational practices align with Vygotsky's theories?

They aim to create environments that facilitate negotiation of meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of teachers feeding large quantities of knowledge to students?

It leads to defensive learning and fear of failure. Signup and view all the answers

How does Vygotsky describe the child’s early stage of language acquisition?

As an outcome of collaborative meaning-making within a culture. Signup and view all the answers

Which approach did Vygotsky advocate for in terms of learning and cognition?

Constructivist approaches that leverage social interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of learning did Vygotsky believe educators should nurture?

Social interactions that facilitate personal growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of stimulus-response learning in language acquisition?

Responding to specific stimuli in the environment. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chaining, what does linguistic application refer to?

Combining multiple sounds or words to express meaning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes concept learning?

Making broad connections between various stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of verbal association in language learning?

To assign meaning to verbal and nonverbal chains. Signup and view all the answers

How does multiple discrimination benefit language learners?

It trains learners to recognize differences among similar stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What does principle learning involve in linguistic contexts?

Applying different concepts within a cohesive framework. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes problem solving in language learning from other methods?

It utilizes previously acquired concepts to address ambiguities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates the concept of chaining in language use?

A child forming complete sentences in conversation. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily caused the decline in popularity of language aptitude tests among L2 teachers and administrators?

Recognition that the tests measured general intelligence rather than specific language aptitude. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects were language aptitude tests unable to adequately assess according to subsequent research?

Focus and determination in learning. Signup and view all the answers

How might the interpretation of language aptitude test results lead to bias in students and teachers?

It can create unrealistic expectations for both students and teachers. Signup and view all the answers

What did subsequent research suggest about the type of tasks that language aptitude tests mainly measured?

Tasks involving focused and context-reduced analytical activities. Signup and view all the answers

In what way can teachers positively influence students' learning according to the content?

By fostering an environment that focuses on individual learning strategies. Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about the relationship between standardized aptitude tests and communicative competence?

They fail to capture the complexity of communicative competence fully. Signup and view all the answers

What influence did language aptitude tests have on educators' perceptions of students' potential?

They created a fixed mindset in educators regarding student capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the renewed interest in addressing aptitude factors in language learning in the late 1990s?

It arose as a response to the decline in language test popularity. Signup and view all the answers

What do DeKeyser and Koeth imply about aptitude when discussing its definition?

Aptitude should be referred to in the plural form. Signup and view all the answers

According to Robinson, which of the following is NOT considered a part of language aptitude?

Sociocultural awareness Signup and view all the answers

What concept do Robinson and Dörnyei propose to better understand second language aptitude?

Dynamic systems theory Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to a learner's eventual success in acquiring a second language, as mentioned by Dörnyei?

Anxiety and learning strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about intelligence is accurate based on the content?

Traditional IQ tests measure exclusively linguistic and logical abilities. Signup and view all the answers

How has the concept of intelligence evolved according to the provided content?

It has expanded to include multiple theories and definitions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the notion of IQ traditionally correlate with, as mentioned in the content?

Success in educational institutions Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'knack' for learning a language refer to in the classroom context?

A complex combination of different aptitudes. Signup and view all the answers