Membrane Proteins and Lipids
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the retinal molecule when it absorbs a photon?

  • It changes its conformation, resulting in a proton pumping action. (correct)
  • It breaks away from the surrounding protein.
  • It releases a proton from the extracellular side of the membrane.
  • It re-protonates itself to restore its original isomerized form.

What is the function of bacteriorhodopsin?

  • It pumps protons out of the cell.
  • It helps in the formation of a proton gradient. (correct)
  • It helps in the synthesis of ATP.
  • It facilitates the movement of ions across the cell membrane.

What is the characteristic of the interior of porins?

  • It is hydrophobic.
  • It is hydrophilic. (correct)
  • It is polar.
  • It is non-polar.

What is the typical structure of porins?

<p>A barrel-like structure with 16-18 β sheets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the residues more frequent in porins?

<p>On the extracellular side. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of bacteria are porins found?

<p>Gram-negative bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of membrane proteins in red blood cells is comprised of Band 3?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Band 3 in red blood cells?

<p>Anion exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bacteriorhodopsin in Halobacterium halobium?

<p>Using sunlight to pump protons out of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural feature of bacteriorhodopsin?

<p>7 alpha helices crossing the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of halophilic Archaebacteria?

<p>Found in high-temperature brine/salt ponds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of light absorbed by bacteriorhodopsin?

<p>570 nm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of GPI-protein complexes in Protozoa?

<p>Erythrocyte invasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of residues are rarely acetylated in GPI-protein complexes?

<p>Glucosamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a hydrophobicity analysis of a protein sequence?

<p>To predict the presence of transmembrane helices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organism is GPI-protein complex α-agglutinin involved in adhesion?

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of side chains can be attached to the ethanolamine, inositol, and mannose residues in GPI-protein complexes?

<p>Ethanolamine phosphate, mannose, galactose, and sialic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the GPI-protein complex β1-3glucanase in plants?

<p>Cell-wall biogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of proteins are found in chloroplast membranes?

<p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions anchor integral proteins to the membrane?

<p>Hydrophobic interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids tend to be found at the lipid-water interface?

<p>Trp, His, Tyr (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical feature of integral proteins?

<p>20-25 aas folded into one or several α-helical domains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycophorin A?

<p>It is an example of an integral protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of maltoporin in E. coli?

<p>To transport maltose into E. coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipid anchors in proteins?

<p>To act as switches for protein affinity binding to the membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors?

<p>An oligosaccharide linked to inositol via an ethanolamine residue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of GPI-anchored proteins?

<p>To serve as hydrolytic enzymes, receptors, cell surface antigens or cell adhesion molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of GPI-anchored proteins in the cell?

<p>On the outer surface of the plasma membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of linkage found in GPI anchors?

<p>Amide, glycosidic, phosphodiester, and hydroxyester linkages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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