Questions and Answers
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with basal cell cancer?
Which risk factor is specifically noted for increasing the likelihood of developing non-melanoma skin cancer?
What does the 'D' in the ABCDEs of melanoma assessment signify?
Which statement accurately describes squamous cell cancer?
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Which body area is NOT commonly affected by non-melanoma skin cancer?
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What is a key characteristic of hormonal medications when used to treat acne in females?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with spironolactone use?
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Which of the following risk factors is NOT typically associated with developing cellulitis?
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Identifying signs of severe cellulitis, which symptom is least likely to be observed?
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In the context of cellulitis assessment, what should be observed during a physical examination?
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Which types of lesions are classified as comedones?
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What is the primary biochemical factor believed to influence acne development?
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What is a potential side effect of using benzoyl peroxide?
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What type of acne lesion results from the total disintegration of a comedone?
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How do open comedones differ from closed comedones?
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Which of the following describes how severe acne may affect females during their menstrual cycle?
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Which topical agent is noted for its drying and peeling effects when treating acne?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the management of acne?
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What is the most frequent causative organism associated with furuncles and carbuncles?
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Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with furuncles and carbuncles?
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Which predisposing factor increases the risk of developing furuncles and carbuncles?
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What is the primary treatment strategy for managing impetigo?
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Which oral antibiotic is commonly prescribed for the treatment of severe furuncles or carbuncles?
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What is a common characteristic of urticaria?
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Which factor is NOT typically associated with triggering urticaria?
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In eczematous dermatitis, which symptom is considered most characteristic?
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What is a recommended management step for acute urticaria?
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Which of the following is true regarding the diagnostic approach for acute urticaria?
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Study Notes
Melanoma Cancer
- Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, particularly at sites of birthmarks or new moles.
- Highly metastatic, with common spread to the brain, lungs, bones, and liver.
- Diagnosis relies on early detection and treatment for improved survival outcomes.
- Characterized by irregular, circular lesions with various colors including tan, black, and blue.
- Assessment involves the ABCDEs: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter over 6mm, and Evolving appearance.
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
- Develops in the epidermis; primary cause is overexposure to the sun.
- Other risk factors include chronic skin damage, genetic predisposition, ionizing radiation, light-skinned race, age over 60, and outdoor occupations.
- Affects sun-exposed areas: face, neck, ears, back of hands.
- Diagnosis confirmed by skin biopsy.
Types
-
Basal Cell Carcinoma:
- Arises from basal cells in the epidermis; metastasis is rare, but can cause local tissue destruction.
- Appears as a waxy nodule with pearly borders or a red papule with a central crater.
-
Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
- Tumor of epidermal keratinocytes; can invade surrounding structures and metastasize.
- Characterized by oozing, bleeding, and crusting lesions; larger tumors have a higher risk of metastasis.
Acne
- A chronic skin disorder induced by hormonal changes during puberty; more prevalent in males.
- Lesions commonly form on the face, neck, chest, shoulders, and back.
- Types of lesions include comedones (open and closed), pustules, papules, and nodules.
- Pathogenesis includes androgen influence on sebaceous glands and bacterial proliferation (Propionibacterium acnes).
- Exacerbated by hormonal cycles in females and influenced by oily skin and genetic predisposition.
Assessment
- Closed comedones are whiteheads, while open comedones are blackheads.
- Inflammation leads to pustules and papules; nodules may result in scarring.
Interventions
- Employ gentle skin-cleansing methods without scrubbing; use prescribed topical agents.
- Pharmacological treatments include benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin), and hormonal medications (oral contraceptives, spironolactone).
- Advise avoiding picking at lesions and using noncomedogenic products.
Cellulitis
- Infection of the dermis and underlying hypodermis; commonly caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus.
- Occurs due to skin integrity loss, allowing pathogen invasion.
Risk Factors
- Immunocompromised conditions, diabetes, cancer, obesity, alcohol and drug abuse.
Assessment
- Symptoms include pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth, edema, and fever.
Interventions
- Promote rest, apply warm compresses, and use prescribed antibiotics and dressings.
Furuncles and Carbuncles
- Furuncles (Boils): Deep infections around hair follicles; often recur and can cause scarring.
- Carbuncles: Cluster of furuncles with multiple drainage points, causing significant pain.
Clinical Manifestations
- Painful, erythematous areas that drain pus; common sites include the face and neck.
Management
- Incision and drainage as necessary, along with topical and oral antibiotics; emphasize good hygiene practices.
Impetigo
- Contagious skin infection caused by Group A beta-hemolytic strep or Staphylococcus.
- Characterized by pruritic vesicular lesions and thick honey-colored crusts; primarily located on the face.
Treatment
- Treated with penicillin (systemic or topical) and local care (saline soaks, meticulous hygiene).
- Potential complications include glomerulonephritis.
Urticaria (Hives)
- A manifestation of immunologic and inflammatory responses; linked to histamine release.
- Characterized by transient wheals, itching, and dynamic evolution of lesions.
Assessment
- Monitor for triggers related to food, medications, or environmental exposure.
Management
- Remove triggers, treat itching with antihistamines.
Eczematous Dermatitis
- Superficial inflammation of the skin; commonly referred to as eczema.
- Hands are often most affected; severity relates to irritant concentration and exposure duration.
Clinical Presentation
- Symptoms include redness, pruritus, and various lesions including papules and vesicles.
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Description
Test your knowledge about melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. This quiz covers causes, risk factors, and characteristics of different types of skin cancer. Understand the effects of sun exposure and other contributing factors to skin health.
