Meiosis vs Mitosis Quiz
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis I?

  • All gametes will be identical in chromosome number.
  • One gamete will have an extra chromosome while the other will be missing one. (correct)
  • Both gametes will have extra chromosomes.
  • Gametes end up with the correct number of chromosomes.

What syndrome is caused by having an extra X chromosome in males?

  • Jacobs syndrome
  • Turner syndrome
  • Klinefelter syndrome (correct)
  • XYY syndrome

Which of the following is the result of an extra Y chromosome in males?

  • Infertile male with diminished male characteristics
  • Sterile male with increased height (correct)
  • Normal male with no noticeable effect
  • Male with mental retardation

What effect does Turner syndrome have on females?

<p>Sterile with underdeveloped sex organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aneuploidy typically arise?

<p>Through failure of chromosomes to segregate properly during meiosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the condition where a pair of chromosomes is missing one chromosome?

<p>Monosomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the gametes produced from nondisjunction in meiosis II?

<p>Two gametes have normal chromosome numbers and one has an extra chromosome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of three X chromosomes in females?

<p>Triple X syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of aneuploidy in chromosomal disorders?

<p>Results in an uneven number of chromosomes affecting normal development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of crossing over during meiosis?

<p>It results in recombinant chromosomes by exchanging genetic material between nonsister chromatids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chiasmata during meiosis?

<p>To help homologous chromosomes connect during crossing over (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does independent assortment contribute to genetic diversity?

<p>Chromosomes align randomly during metaphase, creating different combinations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a potential consequence of errors during chiasmata formation?

<p>Increased risk of genetic disorders such as aneuploidy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of Trisomy 21?

<p>Nondisjunction in the formation of sperm or egg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the risk of having a child with Down syndrome increase with parental age?

<p>Nondisjunction events become more frequent in older eggs or sperm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetics, what characterizes a mutant?

<p>An organism with a new or altered trait due to mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of aneuploidy?

<p>Having an extra or missing chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can sex chromosome disorders primarily arise?

<p>Due to nondisjunction during meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does meiosis primarily ensure about the genetic material?

<p>Alleles for different traits are sorted independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the implications of nondisjunction in terms of offspring health?

<p>It can result in genetic disorders such as Down syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous individuals, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

<p>3:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of pleiotropy?

<p>One gene affects several different traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals with sex-linked disorders often exhibit?

<p>A higher incidence in males due to X-linked inheritance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a dihybrid cross, what does independent assortment result in?

<p>A variety of combinations for both traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nondisjunction in Meiosis

A mistake during meiosis 1 or 2 where chromosomes don't separate correctly.

Nondisjunction in Meiosis I

Homologous chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase I, resulting in one gamete with an extra chromosome and another with one less.

Nondisjunction in Meiosis II

Sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase II, creating one gamete with an extra chromosome, one missing, and two normal.

Klinefelter Syndrome

Genetic condition (XXY) characterized by male sex organs with some female characteristics and potential intellectual disability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Turner Syndrome

A genetic condition (X0) where only one X chromosome is present, resulting in a sterile female.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aneuploidy

Genetic consequences in offspring from nondisjunction, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm cell production; involves equal cytoplasmic division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis

A type of cell division that results in gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, used to produce sperm and eggs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Independent Assortment

Alleles for different traits are sorted into gametes independently of each other, occurring only when genes are on separate chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epistasis

One gene's expression modifies another gene's expression, masking, inhibiting, or suppressing it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polygenic Inheritance

Multiple genes affect a single trait, resulting in a range of phenotypes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pleiotropy

One gene affects multiple traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Monohybrid Cross

Genetic cross involving a single trait.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dihybrid Cross

Genetic cross involving two traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Pedigree

Diagram showing family relationships and the inheritance of genetic traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dominant Inheritance

Genetic trait where one copy of an allele is enough to show the trait.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trisomy 21

A genetic condition where a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to recombination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic Diversity

The variety of genes within a population, originating from processes such as crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosome pairs with similar genes, but not identical DNA sequences, one from each parent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chiasmata

The point where two homologous chromosomes cross over during meiosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nondisjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis or mitosis, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Meiosis vs Mitosis

  • Genotype: genetic makeup of a cell/organism
  • Phenotype: visible characteristics
  • Polymorphism: persisting mutation
  • Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP): One nucleotide change
  • Large-scale mutations: involve large chromosomal parts (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, reciprocal translocation)
  • Small-scale mutations: affect one or a few nucleotides (point mutations, substitution, frameshift).
  • Substitution mutations: one nucleotide is replaced by another (nonsense, silent, missense)
  • Frameshift mutations (insertion/deletion): add/remove nucleotides, changing the entire codon sequence downstream.
  • Non-synonymous point mutations: change amino acid sequence. Mutations in codons cause these changes.
  • Synonymous point mutations: do not change amino acid sequences.
  • How frameshift mutations affect protein sequences: the reading frame is altered, leading to changes in encoded amino acids. An earlier mutation will have a more severe effect on the protein than a later one.
  • Chromosomal rearrangements (types): Duplication, Inversion, Deletion, Translocation.
  • Regulatory/control elements: the regulatory elements surrounding an inverted region are changed.
  • Gene dosage imbalance: duplication of a segment will increase gene dosage, leading to imbalance.
  • Gene disruption: the inverted region might disrupt genes at the break point.
  • Gene loss: Deletion of a segment removes genes in that region.

Genotype vs Phenotype

  • Genotype: organism's genetic makeup
  • Phenotype: observable traits
  • Polymorphism: Genes that are common in populations, but are different from other genes in the same species.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Honor Biology 1 Exam 4 Study Guide PDF

Description

Test your understanding of meiosis and mitosis, focusing on key concepts such as genotype, phenotype, and various types of mutations. This quiz explores the differences in cellular division processes and their implications for genetic diversity and mutation types. Prepare to dive deep into genetic variations and their significance!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser