Questions and Answers
Describe the purpose of mitosis.
Cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction.
How many times does the cell divide during mitosis?
Once.
What kind of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
Diploid cells.
What are sister chromatids?
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Briefly describe what happens during prophase.
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Briefly describe what happens during anaphase.
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Briefly describe what happens during telophase.
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Is cytokinesis considered a part of mitosis?
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Briefly describe what happens during metaphase.
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Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis.
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Describe the purpose of meiosis.
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How many times does the cell divide during meiosis?
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What kind of cells are produced in meiosis?
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Briefly describe the difference between prophase 1 and prophase 2.
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Briefly describe the difference between metaphase 1 and metaphase 2.
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Briefly describe the difference between anaphase 1 and anaphase 2.
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Briefly describe the difference between telophase 1 and telophase 2.
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What would happen to cell division if a chemical was put into a cell that did not allow for cell division to occur?
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Study Notes
Mitosis
- Purpose: Cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction.
- Division: Occurs once during the process.
- End product: Forms diploid cells.
- Sister chromatids: Identical copies of a chromosome, joined by a centromere.
Stages of Mitosis
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become compact after G2 phase; involved in organizing genetic material.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, with spindle fibers attached.
- Anaphase: Spindle fibers shorten, pulling sister chromatids apart at the centromere.
- Telophase: Chromosome sets reach opposite poles; nuclear envelope reforms, and cytokinesis typically follows.
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, forming daughter cells; technically not a part of mitosis.
Meiosis
- Purpose: Production of gametes for sexual reproduction.
- Division: Cells divide twice, resulting in two rounds of separation.
- End product: Forms haploid cells, essential for reproduction.
Key Differences in Meiosis Phases
- Prophase I vs. Prophase II: Prophase I includes a long interphase and the pairing of homologous chromosomes with crossing over; Prophase II lacks interphase and does not involve homologous pairing or genetic exchange.
- Metaphase I vs. Metaphase II: Metaphase I has four homologous chromosomes whereas Metaphase II has eight chromosomes.
- Anaphase I vs. Anaphase II: Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes, while Anaphase II separates sister chromatids.
- Telophase I vs. Telophase II: Telophase I leads to four new cells; Telophase II results in two new cells.
Impact of Chemical Inhibition on Division
- If a chemical prevents cell division, cells won't divide, likely leading to cell death. Continued division under such conditions may result in mutations.
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Test your knowledge on the key differences between meiosis and mitosis with these flashcards. Each card covers essential concepts like cell division, purpose, and the types of cells produced. Perfect for biology students to reinforce their understanding of cellular processes.