Meiosis vs Mitosis Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Describe the purpose of mitosis.

Cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction.

How many times does the cell divide during mitosis?

Once.

What kind of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?

Diploid cells.

What are sister chromatids?

Identical copies of a chromosome, joined by a common centromere. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during prophase.

The parent cell chromosomes condense and become compact. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during anaphase.

Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during telophase.

Chromosome sets assemble at opposite poles; a nuclear envelope reforms. Signup and view all the answers

Is cytokinesis considered a part of mitosis?

False Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during metaphase.

Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis.

The cytoplasm divides and the daughter cell forms. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the purpose of meiosis.

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

How many times does the cell divide during meiosis?

Twice. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of cells are produced in meiosis?

Haploid cells. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the difference between prophase 1 and prophase 2.

Prophase 1 involves crossing over and pairing of homologous chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the difference between metaphase 1 and metaphase 2.

Metaphase 1 has four homologous chromosomes lined up; metaphase 2 has eight. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the difference between anaphase 1 and anaphase 2.

In anaphase 1, homologous chromosomes separate; in anaphase 2, sister chromatids separate. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the difference between telophase 1 and telophase 2.

Telophase 1 has four new cells; telophase 2 has two new cells. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to cell division if a chemical was put into a cell that did not allow for cell division to occur?

Cell division would not occur, and the cells would more than likely die. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis

Purpose: Cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction.
Division: Occurs once during the process.
End product: Forms diploid cells.
Sister chromatids: Identical copies of a chromosome, joined by a centromere.

Stages of Mitosis

Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become compact after G2 phase; involved in organizing genetic material.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, with spindle fibers attached.
Anaphase: Spindle fibers shorten, pulling sister chromatids apart at the centromere.
Telophase: Chromosome sets reach opposite poles; nuclear envelope reforms, and cytokinesis typically follows.
Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, forming daughter cells; technically not a part of mitosis.

Meiosis

Purpose: Production of gametes for sexual reproduction.
Division: Cells divide twice, resulting in two rounds of separation.
End product: Forms haploid cells, essential for reproduction.

Key Differences in Meiosis Phases

Prophase I vs. Prophase II: Prophase I includes a long interphase and the pairing of homologous chromosomes with crossing over; Prophase II lacks interphase and does not involve homologous pairing or genetic exchange.
Metaphase I vs. Metaphase II: Metaphase I has four homologous chromosomes whereas Metaphase II has eight chromosomes.
Anaphase I vs. Anaphase II: Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes, while Anaphase II separates sister chromatids.
Telophase I vs. Telophase II: Telophase I leads to four new cells; Telophase II results in two new cells.

Impact of Chemical Inhibition on Division

If a chemical prevents cell division, cells won't divide, likely leading to cell death. Continued division under such conditions may result in mutations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key differences between meiosis and mitosis with these flashcards. Each card covers essential concepts like cell division, purpose, and the types of cells produced. Perfect for biology students to reinforce their understanding of cellular processes.