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Questions and Answers
A diploid human cell has four alleles of each gene.
A diploid human cell has four alleles of each gene.
False
The haploid number of chromosomes in a species indicates the number of complete chromosome sets present in each cell.
The haploid number of chromosomes in a species indicates the number of complete chromosome sets present in each cell.
False
Polyploid organisms have only two versions of each type of chromosome.
Polyploid organisms have only two versions of each type of chromosome.
False
Cohesins are proteins that separate homologous chromosomes during meiosis II.
Cohesins are proteins that separate homologous chromosomes during meiosis II.
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During meiosis I, the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter cells.
During meiosis I, the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter cells.
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Meiosis results in genetic variation through the process of chromosome replication.
Meiosis results in genetic variation through the process of chromosome replication.
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Homologous chromosomes contain identical genes in the same position along the chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes contain identical genes in the same position along the chromosome.
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During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell.
During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell.
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Sex chromosomes in mammals determine the sex of the individual, where females typically have an X and a Y chromosome.
Sex chromosomes in mammals determine the sex of the individual, where females typically have an X and a Y chromosome.
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Errors in meiosis can lead to genetic variation in offspring.
Errors in meiosis can lead to genetic variation in offspring.
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Autosomes are chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Autosomes are chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
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A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a species.
A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a species.
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Nondisjunction can occur if both homologs move to the same pole of the parent cell.
Nondisjunction can occur if both homologs move to the same pole of the parent cell.
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Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 20.
Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 20.
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A trisomy results in gametes with an extra chromosome.
A trisomy results in gametes with an extra chromosome.
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Monosomy occurs when gametes lack one chromosome.
Monosomy occurs when gametes lack one chromosome.
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Aneuploid cells have the correct number of chromosomes.
Aneuploid cells have the correct number of chromosomes.
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During meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into four daughter cells.
During meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into four daughter cells.
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The spindle apparatus in meiosis consists of Astral microtubules, Kinetochore microtubules, and Polar microtubules.
The spindle apparatus in meiosis consists of Astral microtubules, Kinetochore microtubules, and Polar microtubules.
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The structure resulting from synapsis is called a trivalent.
The structure resulting from synapsis is called a trivalent.
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Cohesins are responsible for holding homologs together during synapsis and crossing over.
Cohesins are responsible for holding homologs together during synapsis and crossing over.
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Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids during synapsis.
Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids during synapsis.
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Homologs are held together only at centromeres during chiasmata formation.
Homologs are held together only at centromeres during chiasmata formation.
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Crossing over during meiosis II introduces variation as haploid sets of chromosomes combine to make unique offspring.
Crossing over during meiosis II introduces variation as haploid sets of chromosomes combine to make unique offspring.
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Independent assortment means each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of other pairs.
Independent assortment means each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of other pairs.
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The number of possible combinations when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2n, where n is the diploid number.
The number of possible combinations when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2n, where n is the diploid number.
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Random fertilization adds to genetic variation because any sperm can fuse with any ovum.
Random fertilization adds to genetic variation because any sperm can fuse with any ovum.
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Crossing over produces identical chromosomes by exchanging genes from the same parent.
Crossing over produces identical chromosomes by exchanging genes from the same parent.
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Each gamete carries one unique combination of chromosomes due to independent assortment.
Each gamete carries one unique combination of chromosomes due to independent assortment.
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In meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into two ______ cells.
In meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into two ______ cells.
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The structure that results from synapsis is called a ______, consisting of two homologs.
The structure that results from synapsis is called a ______, consisting of two homologs.
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Homologs pair by synapsis and are held together by proteins called the ______ complex.
Homologs pair by synapsis and are held together by proteins called the ______ complex.
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Breaks are made in the DNA and cross over occurs between corresponding segments of ______ chromatids.
Breaks are made in the DNA and cross over occurs between corresponding segments of ______ chromatids.
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The synaptonemal complex disassembles and homologs are held together only at ______.
The synaptonemal complex disassembles and homologs are held together only at ______.
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During meiosis, the spindle apparatus consists of MTOC, Astral microtubule, Kinetochore microtubule, and ______ microtubule.
During meiosis, the spindle apparatus consists of MTOC, Astral microtubule, Kinetochore microtubule, and ______ microtubule.
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In sexual reproduction, gametes unite to form a new individual, with gametes being called ______ and eggs in both animals and plants.
In sexual reproduction, gametes unite to form a new individual, with gametes being called ______ and eggs in both animals and plants.
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Meiosis is nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number, with gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a ______ cell.
Meiosis is nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number, with gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a ______ cell.
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A gene is a section of DNA that influences hereditary traits, and different versions of a specific gene are called ______.
A gene is a section of DNA that influences hereditary traits, and different versions of a specific gene are called ______.
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Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome, but the two homologs are not identical and may contain different ______.
Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome, but the two homologs are not identical and may contain different ______.
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Sex chromosomes determine the sex of the individual, with females typically having two X chromosomes and males having an X and a Y ______.
Sex chromosomes determine the sex of the individual, with females typically having two X chromosomes and males having an X and a Y ______.
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A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A paternal chromosome that came from the ______.
A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A paternal chromosome that came from the ______.
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A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a ______.
A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a ______.
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A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A maternal chromosome that came from the ______.
A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A maternal chromosome that came from the ______.
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Organisms or cells with three or more versions of each type of chromosome are called ______ (3n, 4n, etc.).
Organisms or cells with three or more versions of each type of chromosome are called ______ (3n, 4n, etc.).
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Before meiosis begins, each chromosome in the diploid (2n) parent cell is replicated. When replication is complete, each chromosome has two identical sister ______.
Before meiosis begins, each chromosome in the diploid (2n) parent cell is replicated. When replication is complete, each chromosome has two identical sister ______.
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What protein holds the sister chromatids together? ______.
What protein holds the sister chromatids together? ______.
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Meiosis consists of two cell divisions: 1. Meiosis I: the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter ______.
Meiosis consists of two cell divisions: 1. Meiosis I: the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter ______.
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In meiosis II, there is no DNA synthesis between the two meiotic divisions. The process in meiosis II resembles that of __________.
In meiosis II, there is no DNA synthesis between the two meiotic divisions. The process in meiosis II resembles that of __________.
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During fertilization, gametes fuse to form a single cell called a __________.
During fertilization, gametes fuse to form a single cell called a __________.
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Asexual reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces offspring with unique chromosome __________.
Asexual reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces offspring with unique chromosome __________.
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Only sexual reproduction results in a shuffling of the alleles of the parents into the offspring. Meiosis results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells due to independent shuffling of maternal and paternal __________.
Only sexual reproduction results in a shuffling of the alleles of the parents into the offspring. Meiosis results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells due to independent shuffling of maternal and paternal __________.
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Autosomes are chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual, unlike the __________ chromosomes.
Autosomes are chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual, unlike the __________ chromosomes.
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During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a __________ cell.
During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a __________ cell.
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Over a third of conceptions are spontaneously terminated because of problems in ______
Over a third of conceptions are spontaneously terminated because of problems in ______
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One infant in every 781 live births in Canada have ______ syndrome
One infant in every 781 live births in Canada have ______ syndrome
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A nondisjunction occurs if both homologs or both sister chromatids move to the same pole of the parent ______
A nondisjunction occurs if both homologs or both sister chromatids move to the same pole of the parent ______
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Cells with too many or too few of a chromosome are called ______
Cells with too many or too few of a chromosome are called ______
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Fertilization of an n + 1 gamete leads to ______
Fertilization of an n + 1 gamete leads to ______
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What is the name of the reproductive cells that unite to form a new individual during sexual reproduction?
What is the name of the reproductive cells that unite to form a new individual during sexual reproduction?
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What is the characteristic number of chromosomes that every organism has?
What is the characteristic number of chromosomes that every organism has?
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What is the term for chromosomes of the same type that contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome?
What is the term for chromosomes of the same type that contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome?
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Which part of the cell undergoes nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number during meiosis?
Which part of the cell undergoes nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number during meiosis?
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What is the term for different versions of a specific gene?
What is the term for different versions of a specific gene?
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What is the name for the process where gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell unite to restore the full chromosome number?
What is the name for the process where gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell unite to restore the full chromosome number?
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What is the function of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis?
What is the function of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis?
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Which term describes the structure that results from synapsis in meiosis?
Which term describes the structure that results from synapsis in meiosis?
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What is the role of cohesins during meiosis?
What is the role of cohesins during meiosis?
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What occurs during synapsis in meiosis?
What occurs during synapsis in meiosis?
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What is the primary function of the spindle apparatus during meiosis?
What is the primary function of the spindle apparatus during meiosis?
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What is the role of the MTOC in the spindle apparatus during meiosis?
What is the role of the MTOC in the spindle apparatus during meiosis?
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During which process does crossing over occur between corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids?
During which process does crossing over occur between corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids?
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Which type of reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent?
Which type of reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent?
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What process results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells?
What process results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells?
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Which event restores the original chromosome number during the animal life cycle?
Which event restores the original chromosome number during the animal life cycle?
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What are the products of meiosis in animals?
What are the products of meiosis in animals?
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Which mechanism ensures that each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues independently into daughter cells?
Which mechanism ensures that each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues independently into daughter cells?
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What is the term for cells with too many or too few chromosomes?
What is the term for cells with too many or too few chromosomes?
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Which event occurs as a result of nondisjunction?
Which event occurs as a result of nondisjunction?
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What is the cause of Down syndrome?
What is the cause of Down syndrome?
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Which process leads to cells with an extra chromosome?
Which process leads to cells with an extra chromosome?
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What term describes the condition where both homologs move to the same pole in meiosis?
What term describes the condition where both homologs move to the same pole in meiosis?
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How many possible combinations of chromosomes are there for humans due to independent assortment?
How many possible combinations of chromosomes are there for humans due to independent assortment?
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What is the main role of crossing over during meiosis?
What is the main role of crossing over during meiosis?
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How many diploid combinations are possible in a zygote due to random fertilization?
How many diploid combinations are possible in a zygote due to random fertilization?
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What makes independent assortment during meiosis significant?
What makes independent assortment during meiosis significant?
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Which event during meiosis leads to the creation of recombinant chromosomes?
Which event during meiosis leads to the creation of recombinant chromosomes?
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What characterizes random fertilization in terms of genetic variation?
What characterizes random fertilization in terms of genetic variation?
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