Meiosis Stages and Spindle Apparatus Quiz

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A diploid human cell has four alleles of each gene.

False

The haploid number of chromosomes in a species indicates the number of complete chromosome sets present in each cell.

False

Polyploid organisms have only two versions of each type of chromosome.

False

Cohesins are proteins that separate homologous chromosomes during meiosis II.

False Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis I, the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter cells.

True Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis results in genetic variation through the process of chromosome replication.

False Signup and view all the answers

Homologous chromosomes contain identical genes in the same position along the chromosome.

False Signup and view all the answers

During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell.

False Signup and view all the answers

Sex chromosomes in mammals determine the sex of the individual, where females typically have an X and a Y chromosome.

False Signup and view all the answers

Errors in meiosis can lead to genetic variation in offspring.

True Signup and view all the answers

Autosomes are chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.

False Signup and view all the answers

A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a species.

True Signup and view all the answers

Nondisjunction can occur if both homologs move to the same pole of the parent cell.

True Signup and view all the answers

Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 20.

False Signup and view all the answers

A trisomy results in gametes with an extra chromosome.

True Signup and view all the answers

Monosomy occurs when gametes lack one chromosome.

True Signup and view all the answers

Aneuploid cells have the correct number of chromosomes.

False Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into four daughter cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

The spindle apparatus in meiosis consists of Astral microtubules, Kinetochore microtubules, and Polar microtubules.

True Signup and view all the answers

The structure resulting from synapsis is called a trivalent.

False Signup and view all the answers

Cohesins are responsible for holding homologs together during synapsis and crossing over.

True Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids during synapsis.

True Signup and view all the answers

Homologs are held together only at centromeres during chiasmata formation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over during meiosis II introduces variation as haploid sets of chromosomes combine to make unique offspring.

False Signup and view all the answers

Independent assortment means each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of other pairs.

True Signup and view all the answers

The number of possible combinations when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2n, where n is the diploid number.

False Signup and view all the answers

Random fertilization adds to genetic variation because any sperm can fuse with any ovum.

True Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over produces identical chromosomes by exchanging genes from the same parent.

False Signup and view all the answers

Each gamete carries one unique combination of chromosomes due to independent assortment.

False Signup and view all the answers

In meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into two ______ cells.

daughter Signup and view all the answers

The structure that results from synapsis is called a ______, consisting of two homologs.

bivalent Signup and view all the answers

Homologs pair by synapsis and are held together by proteins called the ______ complex.

synaptonemal Signup and view all the answers

Breaks are made in the DNA and cross over occurs between corresponding segments of ______ chromatids.

non-sister Signup and view all the answers

The synaptonemal complex disassembles and homologs are held together only at ______.

chiasmata Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, the spindle apparatus consists of MTOC, Astral microtubule, Kinetochore microtubule, and ______ microtubule.

Polar Signup and view all the answers

In sexual reproduction, gametes unite to form a new individual, with gametes being called ______ and eggs in both animals and plants.

sperm Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis is nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number, with gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a ______ cell.

somatic Signup and view all the answers

A gene is a section of DNA that influences hereditary traits, and different versions of a specific gene are called ______.

alleles Signup and view all the answers

Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome, but the two homologs are not identical and may contain different ______.

alleles Signup and view all the answers

Sex chromosomes determine the sex of the individual, with females typically having two X chromosomes and males having an X and a Y ______.

chromosome Signup and view all the answers

A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A paternal chromosome that came from the ______.

father Signup and view all the answers

A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a ______.

species Signup and view all the answers

A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A maternal chromosome that came from the ______.

mother Signup and view all the answers

Organisms or cells with three or more versions of each type of chromosome are called ______ (3n, 4n, etc.).

polyploid Signup and view all the answers

Before meiosis begins, each chromosome in the diploid (2n) parent cell is replicated. When replication is complete, each chromosome has two identical sister ______.

chromatids Signup and view all the answers

What protein holds the sister chromatids together? ______.

Cohesins Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis consists of two cell divisions: 1. Meiosis I: the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter ______.

cells Signup and view all the answers

In meiosis II, there is no DNA synthesis between the two meiotic divisions. The process in meiosis II resembles that of __________.

mitosis Signup and view all the answers

During fertilization, gametes fuse to form a single cell called a __________.

zygote Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces offspring with unique chromosome __________.

complements Signup and view all the answers

Only sexual reproduction results in a shuffling of the alleles of the parents into the offspring. Meiosis results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells due to independent shuffling of maternal and paternal __________.

chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Autosomes are chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual, unlike the __________ chromosomes.

sex Signup and view all the answers

During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a __________ cell.

somatic Signup and view all the answers

Over a third of conceptions are spontaneously terminated because of problems in ______

meiosis Signup and view all the answers

One infant in every 781 live births in Canada have ______ syndrome

Down Signup and view all the answers

A nondisjunction occurs if both homologs or both sister chromatids move to the same pole of the parent ______

cell Signup and view all the answers

Cells with too many or too few of a chromosome are called ______

aneuploid Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization of an n + 1 gamete leads to ______

trisomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the reproductive cells that unite to form a new individual during sexual reproduction?

Sperm and Eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic number of chromosomes that every organism has?

Constant and species-specific Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for chromosomes of the same type that contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome?

Homologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell undergoes nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number during meiosis?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for different versions of a specific gene?

Alleles Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the process where gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell unite to restore the full chromosome number?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis?

Facilitating crossing over between non-sister chromatids Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the structure that results from synapsis in meiosis?

Bivalent Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cohesins during meiosis?

Holding sister chromatids together Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during synapsis in meiosis?

Formation of bivalents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spindle apparatus during meiosis?

Aiding in chromosome movement and separation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the MTOC in the spindle apparatus during meiosis?

Anchoring the spindle fibers Signup and view all the answers

During which process does crossing over occur between corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids?

Meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What process results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

Which event restores the original chromosome number during the animal life cycle?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of meiosis in animals?

Haploid gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism ensures that each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues independently into daughter cells?

Independent assortment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells with too many or too few chromosomes?

Aneuploid Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs as a result of nondisjunction?

Aneuploidy Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Down syndrome?

Trisomy Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to cells with an extra chromosome?

Nondisjunction Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the condition where both homologs move to the same pole in meiosis?

Nondisjunction Signup and view all the answers

How many possible combinations of chromosomes are there for humans due to independent assortment?

8.4 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of crossing over during meiosis?

Combining genes from each parent Signup and view all the answers

How many diploid combinations are possible in a zygote due to random fertilization?

70 trillion Signup and view all the answers

What makes independent assortment during meiosis significant?

It sorts chromosomes into daughter cells independently Signup and view all the answers

Which event during meiosis leads to the creation of recombinant chromosomes?

Homologous recombination Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes random fertilization in terms of genetic variation?

Allows any sperm to fuse with any ovum Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis Stages and Spindle Apparatus Quiz

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Questions and Answers

A diploid human cell has four alleles of each gene.

The haploid number of chromosomes in a species indicates the number of complete chromosome sets present in each cell.

Polyploid organisms have only two versions of each type of chromosome.

Cohesins are proteins that separate homologous chromosomes during meiosis II.

During meiosis I, the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter cells.

Meiosis results in genetic variation through the process of chromosome replication.

Homologous chromosomes contain identical genes in the same position along the chromosome.

During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell.

Sex chromosomes in mammals determine the sex of the individual, where females typically have an X and a Y chromosome.

Errors in meiosis can lead to genetic variation in offspring.

Autosomes are chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.

A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a species.

Nondisjunction can occur if both homologs move to the same pole of the parent cell.

Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 20.

A trisomy results in gametes with an extra chromosome.

Monosomy occurs when gametes lack one chromosome.

Aneuploid cells have the correct number of chromosomes.

During meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into four daughter cells.

The spindle apparatus in meiosis consists of Astral microtubules, Kinetochore microtubules, and Polar microtubules.

The structure resulting from synapsis is called a trivalent.

Cohesins are responsible for holding homologs together during synapsis and crossing over.

Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids during synapsis.

Homologs are held together only at centromeres during chiasmata formation.

Crossing over during meiosis II introduces variation as haploid sets of chromosomes combine to make unique offspring.

Independent assortment means each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of other pairs.

The number of possible combinations when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2n, where n is the diploid number.

Random fertilization adds to genetic variation because any sperm can fuse with any ovum.

Crossing over produces identical chromosomes by exchanging genes from the same parent.

Each gamete carries one unique combination of chromosomes due to independent assortment.

In meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate into two ______ cells.

The structure that results from synapsis is called a ______, consisting of two homologs.

Homologs pair by synapsis and are held together by proteins called the ______ complex.

Breaks are made in the DNA and cross over occurs between corresponding segments of ______ chromatids.

The synaptonemal complex disassembles and homologs are held together only at ______.

During meiosis, the spindle apparatus consists of MTOC, Astral microtubule, Kinetochore microtubule, and ______ microtubule.

In sexual reproduction, gametes unite to form a new individual, with gametes being called ______ and eggs in both animals and plants.

Meiosis is nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number, with gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a ______ cell.

A gene is a section of DNA that influences hereditary traits, and different versions of a specific gene are called ______.

Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome, but the two homologs are not identical and may contain different ______.

Sex chromosomes determine the sex of the individual, with females typically having two X chromosomes and males having an X and a Y ______.

A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A paternal chromosome that came from the ______.

A karyotype identifies the number and types of chromosomes present in a ______.

A cell's ploidy (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of complete chromosome sets it contains. Diploid (2n) cells have: A maternal chromosome that came from the ______.

Organisms or cells with three or more versions of each type of chromosome are called ______ (3n, 4n, etc.).

Before meiosis begins, each chromosome in the diploid (2n) parent cell is replicated. When replication is complete, each chromosome has two identical sister ______.

What protein holds the sister chromatids together? ______.

Meiosis consists of two cell divisions: 1. Meiosis I: the two homologs of each chromosome pair separate into two daughter ______.

In meiosis II, there is no DNA synthesis between the two meiotic divisions. The process in meiosis II resembles that of __________.

During fertilization, gametes fuse to form a single cell called a __________.

Asexual reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces offspring with unique chromosome __________.

Only sexual reproduction results in a shuffling of the alleles of the parents into the offspring. Meiosis results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells due to independent shuffling of maternal and paternal __________.

Autosomes are chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual, unlike the __________ chromosomes.

During fertilization, the gametes unite to form a new individual with half the number of chromosomes as a __________ cell.

Over a third of conceptions are spontaneously terminated because of problems in ______

One infant in every 781 live births in Canada have ______ syndrome

A nondisjunction occurs if both homologs or both sister chromatids move to the same pole of the parent ______

Cells with too many or too few of a chromosome are called ______

Fertilization of an n + 1 gamete leads to ______

What is the name of the reproductive cells that unite to form a new individual during sexual reproduction?

What is the characteristic number of chromosomes that every organism has?

What is the term for chromosomes of the same type that contain the same genes in the same position along the chromosome?

Which part of the cell undergoes nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number during meiosis?

What is the term for different versions of a specific gene?

What is the name for the process where gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell unite to restore the full chromosome number?

What is the function of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis?

Which term describes the structure that results from synapsis in meiosis?

What is the role of cohesins during meiosis?

What occurs during synapsis in meiosis?

What is the primary function of the spindle apparatus during meiosis?

What is the role of the MTOC in the spindle apparatus during meiosis?

During which process does crossing over occur between corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids?

Which type of reproduction produces clones that are genetically identical to one another and to the parent?

What process results in four cells with a chromosome composition different from each other and from the parent cells?

Which event restores the original chromosome number during the animal life cycle?

What are the products of meiosis in animals?

Which mechanism ensures that each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues independently into daughter cells?

What is the term for cells with too many or too few chromosomes?