Questions and Answers
Centromeres divide in which of the following?
What does meiosis II result in for humans?
1N -> 1N
Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I:
Separation of homologous chromosomes = 1 Synapsis = 2 Crossing-over = 3 Independent assortment = 4
Germ-line cells are haploid but gametes are diploid.
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Independent assortment occurs in prophase I.
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The number of cells produced by meiosis is ________ the number of cells produced by mitosis.
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The number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by meiosis is ________ the number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by mitosis.
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Which of the following is unique to meiosis?
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Daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.
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Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis and meiosis.
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Synapsis is the side-by-side alignment of what?
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At the end of meiosis I, each daughter cell is?
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During anaphase I of meiosis, I move towards opposite cell poles, whereas during anaphase II of meiosis, II are separated.
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Crossing-over occurs in metaphase I.
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Telophase II of meiosis is basically prophase II in reverse.
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Daughter cells produced in meiosis have?
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The number of cells produced in meiosis is?
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Which of the following is unique to meiosis?
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Daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.
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Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis and meiosis.
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Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in ______ of meiosis.
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Consider a cell that has four pairs of chromosomes. What is the number of possible chromosome orientations in that cell?
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Consider a cell that has three pairs of chromosomes. What fraction of the gametes produced from this cell will contain only maternal chromosomes?
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The region of the cell where chromosome pairs line up is referred to as the plate.
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The actual structure that homologous chromosomes bind to is called the spindle axis.
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Which of the following are unique to meiosis?
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A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between?
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The four daughter cells produced in meiosis?
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Crossing-over occurs in meiosis I and meiosis II.
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Chromosome duplication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II.
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Study Notes
Meiosis Overview
- Meiosis consists of two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II, leading to the formation of gametes.
- Daughter cells produced by meiosis are haploid, containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Meiosis I Events
- Events during meiosis I occur in the following order:
- Synapsis (homologous chromosomes pair up)
- Crossing-over (exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids)
- Independent assortment (random orientation of homologous chromosomes)
- Separation of homologous chromosomes.
Chromosome and Cell Characteristics
- Each chromosome consists of two chromatids at the end of meiosis I.
- Chromosome duplication occurs before both mitosis and meiosis, ensuring genetic material is replicated.
- Meiosis produces four non-identical daughter cells, while mitosis produces two identical daughter cells.
Unique Features of Meiosis
- Crossing-over is a unique feature of meiosis that increases genetic diversity.
- Synapsis and homologous recombination are also exclusive to meiosis, along with reduction division.
Cell Productions
- Meiosis results in twice the number of cells as mitosis.
- For a cell with four pairs of chromosomes, there are 16 possible orientations (2^n, where n = number of pairs).
- In a cell with three pairs of chromosomes, 1/8 of the gametes will consist of only maternal chromosomes.
Key Definitions
- Germ-line cells are diploid, not haploid.
- Independent assortment occurs during metaphase I, not prophase I.
- The region where chromosomes align is called the metaphase plate.
- The spindle axis is the structure that allows homologous chromosomes to bind.
Misconceptions
- Daughter cells in meiosis are not identical due to crossing-over and independent assortment.
- Chromosome duplication does not occur between meiosis I and meiosis II.
- Crossing-over only occurs in meiosis I, not in meiosis II.
Additional Notes
- Anaphase I involves the movement of homologous chromosomes to opposite poles, while anaphase II involves the separation of sister chromatids.
- Telophase II can be considered prophase II in reverse, as it completes the meiotic process.
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Description
Test your knowledge on meiosis with these flashcards! This quiz covers key concepts such as centromere division, the stages of meiosis II, and the order of events during meiosis I. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this essential biological process.
