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Questions and Answers
What is the main outcome of meiosis?
What is the main outcome of meiosis?
- Two diploid cells, each with a full set of chromosomes.
- Four haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes from the parent cell. (correct)
- Four diploid cells, each with a full set of chromosomes.
- Two haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes from the parent cell.
At which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
At which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
- Prophase 1
- Metaphase 1
- Telophase 2
- Anaphase 1 (correct)
What type of cell is the starting cell in meiosis?
What type of cell is the starting cell in meiosis?
- A diploid cell (correct)
- A somatic cell
- A gamete
- A haploid cell
Which of the following best describes the term 'allele'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'allele'?
What does a circle represent in a pedigree chart?
What does a circle represent in a pedigree chart?
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
How many chromosomes are present in a human parent cell before meiosis begins?
How many chromosomes are present in a human parent cell before meiosis begins?
What is the relationship between a gene and an allele?
What is the relationship between a gene and an allele?
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are present in each daughter cell after meiosis I?
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are present in each daughter cell after meiosis I?
During which of the following stages of meiosis does the exchange of genetic material occur?
During which of the following stages of meiosis does the exchange of genetic material occur?
What is the role of the centromere during meiosis?
What is the role of the centromere during meiosis?
What is the term for a cell that contains two copies of each chromosome?
What is the term for a cell that contains two copies of each chromosome?
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis II from a single parent cell?
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis II from a single parent cell?
What is the defining characteristic of homologous chromosomes?
What is the defining characteristic of homologous chromosomes?
Which structure is directly involved in aligning chromosomes at the center of the cell during metaphase II?
Which structure is directly involved in aligning chromosomes at the center of the cell during metaphase II?
What is the primary purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?
What is the primary purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?
In which stage of meiosis do paired chromatids align at the equatorial plate?
In which stage of meiosis do paired chromatids align at the equatorial plate?
What is the result of cytokinesis during Telophase 1 of meiosis?
What is the result of cytokinesis during Telophase 1 of meiosis?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between genes and alleles?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between genes and alleles?
What type of information can a pedigree chart provide?
What type of information can a pedigree chart provide?
Which event takes place during Anaphase 2 of meiosis?
Which event takes place during Anaphase 2 of meiosis?
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in a human parent cell before meiosis begins?
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in a human parent cell before meiosis begins?
Which option accurately describes a haploid cell?
Which option accurately describes a haploid cell?
Flashcards
Meiosis
Meiosis
A type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.
Diploid Cell
Diploid Cell
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid Cell
Haploid Cell
A cell containing one set of chromosomes. Gametes like sperm and egg cells are haploid.
Prophase 1
Prophase 1
The first stage of meiosis where chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material.
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Metaphase 1
Metaphase 1
The second stage of meiosis where homologous pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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Anaphase 1
Anaphase 1
The third stage of meiosis where the homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
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Pedigree
Pedigree
A diagram that shows how traits are passed through generations of a family.
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Punnett Square
Punnett Square
A diagram that predicts possible genotypes (genetic makeup) and traits of offspring from a genetic cross.
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What is Meiosis?
What is Meiosis?
The process by which cells divide to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.
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What is a Diploid Cell?
What is a Diploid Cell?
A cell with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
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What is a Haploid Cell?
What is a Haploid Cell?
A cell containing one set of chromosomes.
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What happens in Prophase 1?
What happens in Prophase 1?
The first stage of meiosis where chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material.
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What happens in Metaphase 1?
What happens in Metaphase 1?
The second stage of meiosis where homologous pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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What happens in Anaphase 1?
What happens in Anaphase 1?
The third stage of meiosis where homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
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What is a Pedigree?
What is a Pedigree?
A diagram that shows how traits are passed through generations of a family.
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What is a Punnett Square?
What is a Punnett Square?
A diagram that predicts possible genotypes (genetic makeup) and traits of offspring from a genetic cross.
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What are Homologous Chromosomes?
What are Homologous Chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are the same size and shape and contain the same genes in the same order.
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Meiosis
- Meiosis is cell division in sexually reproducing organisms creating gametes (sex cells) like sperm and eggs.
- It involves two rounds of division, producing four cells each having a single copy of each chromosome.
- It starts with a diploid cell (two copies of each chromosome).
- The resulting cells are haploid (half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell).
- A human parent cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
- Meiosis produces cells with a single copy of each chromosome.
- Gametes are haploid cells.
Stages of Meiosis
- Prophase 1: Chromosomes pair up, exchanging genetic material (crossing over).
- Metaphase 1: Homologous chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
- Anaphase 1: Homologous chromosome pairs separate.
- Telophase 1: Chromosomes move to opposite ends, cell divides into two daughter cells. Daughter cells contain half the chromosomes from the parent cell.
- Prophase 2: Chromatids align along the center of the cell.
- Anaphase 2: Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of each cell.
- Telophase 2: Cell pinches in the middle, producing four haploid daughter cells.
- Daughter cells are genetically unique, and have half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.
Pedigrees
- Pedigrees are diagrams showing trait inheritance through family generations.
- Circles represent females, squares represent males.
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