Meiosis Flashcards
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Meiosis Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Meiosis?

A specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half.

What happens during Prophase?

The chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears.

What occurs during Metaphase?

The chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

What is Anaphase?

<p>The stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Telophase.

<p>The final phase of cell division where chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cytokinesis?

<p>The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, resulting in two daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Prophase 2?

<p>The nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle apparatus forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Metaphase 2?

<p>The chromosomes become arranged on the metaphase plate and are attached to the fully formed spindle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Anaphase 2.

<p>The centromeres separate, and the two chromatids of each chromosome move to opposite poles on the spindle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Telophase 2?

<p>A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and cytokinesis occurs, producing four daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Cytokinesis occur during meiosis?

<p>It results in four haploid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2?

<p>In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, reducing ploidy; in meiosis II, sister chromatids are split apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced through Meiosis?

<p>Four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, producing sex cells or gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chromosome pair XX represents a female.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chromosome pair XY represents a male.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Meiosis Overview

  • Meiosis is a specialized cell division that halves the chromosome number.
  • It occurs in two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II.

Meiosis I

  • Prophase I: Chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids; the nuclear envelope disappears; includes reduction division.
  • Metaphase I: Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and align at the metaphase plate.
  • Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of the spindle.
  • Telophase I: Chromosomes reach the poles, and two nuclei form, followed by cytokinesis which results in two daughter cells.
  • Result: Each daughter cell has one set of chromosomes, thus reducing ploidy.

Meiosis II

  • Prophase II: Nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle apparatus forms.
  • Metaphase II: Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, attached to fully formed spindle fibers.
  • Anaphase II: Centromeres separate; sister chromatids move to opposite poles.
  • Telophase II: Nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes; cytokinesis results in four daughter cells.
  • Result: Four haploid daughter cells, each containing a single chromosome set.

Key Differences Between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

  • Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, resulting in reduced ploidy.
  • Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, maintaining the haploid condition.

Meiosis Result

  • One parent cell undergoes two divisions to create four haploid daughter cells.
  • Meiosis produces sex cells or gametes: eggs in females and sperm in males.

Sex Chromosomes

  • Female: XX
  • Male: XY

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on meiosis, covering key terms and stages of this essential cell division process. From the definition of meiosis to the specifics of prophase and metaphase, these cards provide a quick review for students learning about cellular reproduction.

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