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Questions and Answers
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the cell?
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the cell?
- Metaphase (correct)
- Telophase
- Prophase
- Anaphase
Mitosis results in two haploid daughter cells.
Mitosis results in two haploid daughter cells.
False (B)
What is cytokinesis?
What is cytokinesis?
The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.
In meiosis, the number of chromosomes in daughter cells is ________ compared to the parent cell.
In meiosis, the number of chromosomes in daughter cells is ________ compared to the parent cell.
Match the phases of mitosis with their descriptions:
Match the phases of mitosis with their descriptions:
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids align along the middle of the cell?
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids align along the middle of the cell?
The nuclear envelope completely breaks apart during prophase.
The nuclear envelope completely breaks apart during prophase.
What are the two structures that each chromosome consists of during prophase?
What are the two structures that each chromosome consists of during prophase?
During anaphase, the paired chromosomes are split into two sister chromatids, now known as __________.
During anaphase, the paired chromosomes are split into two sister chromatids, now known as __________.
Match the phases of mitosis with their key characteristics:
Match the phases of mitosis with their key characteristics:
What begins to form during prophase that helps in separating the chromosomes?
What begins to form during prophase that helps in separating the chromosomes?
Cytokinesis occurs during the anaphase phase of mitosis.
Cytokinesis occurs during the anaphase phase of mitosis.
What role does mitosis play in an organism?
What role does mitosis play in an organism?
During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads?
During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads?
The nuclear envelope breaks down during Telophase I.
The nuclear envelope breaks down during Telophase I.
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
In metaphase I, homologous chromosomes align along the ______ of the cell.
In metaphase I, homologous chromosomes align along the ______ of the cell.
Match the following phases of meiosis with their descriptions:
Match the following phases of meiosis with their descriptions:
What occurs during Anaphase I?
What occurs during Anaphase I?
Meiosis results in diploid cells.
Meiosis results in diploid cells.
Describe the role of spindle fibers during meiosis I.
Describe the role of spindle fibers during meiosis I.
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle and Meiosis Overview
- Cell cycle includes interphase, meiosis, and mitosis, with interphase preceding meiosis I.
- Interphase involves cell growth and DNA replication before entering meiosis.
Meiosis I Stages
Prophase I
- Longest phase of meiosis, subdivided into stages.
- Chromosomes condense into X-shaped structures with two sister chromatids.
- Homologous chromosomes pair to form tetrads (four chromatids).
- Crossing over occurs, exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes at chiasmata.
- Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome’s centromere.
- Nuclear envelope breaks down, and chromosomes start moving towards the cell's center.
Metaphase I
- Homologous chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
- Centrioles at opposite poles produce spindle fibers.
- Centromeres orient towards opposite poles.
Anaphase I
- Homologous chromosomes with sister chromatids are separated.
- Spindle fibers contract, pulling the chromosomes towards opposite poles.
Telophase I
- Migration of chromosomes stops, resulting in two poles with haploid chromosome numbers.
- Nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes.
- Chromosomes uncoil and become less dense; nucleolus reappears.
Mitosis Overview
Prophase
- Chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope begins to break down.
- Spindle fibers extend from centrioles at opposite poles.
- Nucleolus disintegrates as chromosomes migrate to cell center.
Metaphase
- Nuclear envelope completely disappears; chromosomes align mid-cell.
- Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids at centromeres.
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids are separated, becoming daughter chromosomes.
- Daughter chromosomes are pulled towards opposite poles by spindle fibers.
Key Terms
- Diploid: A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
- Haploid: A cell containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typical of gametes.
Results of Meiosis
- Produces four genetically diverse haploid cells from one diploid cell.
- Essential for sexual reproduction, allowing for genetic variation in offspring.
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