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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains in Woese's system?
What characteristic is used to differentiate the domains in Woese's classification system?
Which domain includes organisms that are known to live in extreme environments?
Which kingdom is NOT included in the domain Eukarya?
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What role do membrane lipid structures and antibiotic sensitivity play in Woese's system?
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What shape is associated with Medusa?
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Which class of Cnidaria is primarily associated with jellyfish?
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What is the dominant body plan in Class Hydrozoa during its life cycle?
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What is the primary environment for organisms in Class Scyphozoa?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with medusae in Class Scyphozoa?
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How does reproduction occur in Obelia?
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Which of the following is a feature of Class Hydrozoa?
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What type of digestive system is present in Class Hydrozoa?
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Which term describes organisms in Phylum Coelenterata that primarily possess a single body opening?
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What type of body symmetry do organisms in Phylum Coelenterata exhibit?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Phylum Coelenterata?
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What is the primary habitat of most coelenterates?
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What type of reproductive structures can be found in Phylum Coelenterata?
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What type of cells are primarily responsible for capturing food in coelenterates?
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What is the layer of jelly-like material found between the ectoderm and endoderm in coelenterates called?
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Which statement about the body plan of coelenterates is correct?
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What type of environments do free living nematodes inhabit?
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What is a distinguishing feature of Aschelminthes?
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Which of the following best describes the reproductive method of Annelida?
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What is true about the body plan of Annelida?
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What type of nervous system do free living nematodes typically have?
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Which feature is NOT associated with Annelida?
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What type of digestive system do free living nematodes have?
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Which statement is true about parasitic nematodes?
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What is a defining characteristic of vertebrates?
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Which of the following groups does not belong to the Bilateria?
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What feature distinguishes invertebrates from vertebrates?
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Which group is included in the Eucoelomata?
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Which of the following animals is most likely to have an exoskeleton?
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Which phylum is classified under Pseudocoelomata?
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What role do muscles play in vertebrates?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes invertebrates?
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Study Notes
Medusa and Phylum Cnidaria
- Medusa exhibits an umbrella shape with tentacles surrounding the mouth, characterized as motile and free-swimming.
- Phylum Cnidaria includes three major classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa.
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Class Hydrozoa:
- Species include Hydra, Obelia, and Physalia.
- Found in freshwater or marine environments, can be solitary or colonial.
- Undergoes alternation of generations with asexual polyp as the dominant form and sexual medusae present.
- Features an incomplete digestive system with an unbranched gut and thin, non-cellular mesoglea.
- Medusa stage has a true velum.
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Class Scyphozoa:
- Includes jellyfish (e.g., Aurelia) and is exclusively marine and solitary.
- Alternation of generations with medusa as the dominant body plan, while polyp stage is reduced or absent.
- Display an incomplete digestive system with four branches and a thick mesoglea containing some cells.
- Medusa lacks a velum.
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Class Hydrozoa:
Woese’s Three-Domain System
- Classifies life into three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
- Domain Archaea: Consists of archaebacteria that thrive in extreme environments (e.g., high salt, heat).
- Domain Bacteria: Encompasses all true bacteria.
- Domain Eukarya: Includes four kingdoms: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
- Classification is based on differences in 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structure, cell membrane lipid structure, and sensitivity to antibiotics.
Animal Classification
- Animal kingdom divided into two major groups:
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Invertebrates:
- Lack a backbone, possess soft inner bodies held by exoskeletons or flexible coverings.
- Exhibit either unisexuality or hermaphroditism and have an incomplete digestive system.
- Can be sessile or free-swimming.
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Vertebrates:
- Possess a backbone or internal skeleton made of bones.
- Have complete digestive systems and firm bodies due to muscle connections to the skeleton.
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Invertebrates:
Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidarians)
- Habitat primarily marine, exhibiting radial symmetry and acoelomate structure.
- Body wall consists of two layers (ectoderm and endoderm) with mesoglea in between.
- Incomplete digestive system featuring a single opening, known as coelenteron, with tentacles surrounding the mouth.
- Specialized stinging cells present for protection and capturing food, alongside a nerve network for movement.
Phylum Aschelminthes
- Mostly parasitic species found in animals and plants, with some free-living varieties (flukes).
- Body is long, cylindrical, and pointed at both ends, composed of a cuticle, epidermis, and musculature.
- Features a false body cavity (pseudocoelom) not lined by epithelium, with a complete digestive system.
- Exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males typically shorter than females.
Phylum Annelida
- Bilaterally symmetrical with a vermiform body structure, possessing multiple cell layers, tissues, and organs.
- True coelom typically divided by internal septa, with a complete digestive tract including mouth and anus.
- Consists of three sections: prosomium, trunk, and pygidium, along with a non-chitinous cuticle.
- Possesses a closed circulatory system, a central nervous system with an anterior nerve ring, and regional specialization in the digestive tract.
- Reproduction is mainly sexual and can be gonochoristic or hermaphroditic, adapting to various environments.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Medusa and Phylum Cnidaria in this quiz. Delve into the characteristics of major classes like Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa, and learn about their unique structures and life cycles. Test your knowledge of these intriguing aquatic organisms and their classification.
