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Questions and Answers
Which of these describes the 'Middle Ages'?
Which of these describes the 'Middle Ages'?
The Byzantine Empire was the western part of the Roman Empire.
The Byzantine Empire was the western part of the Roman Empire.
False
What was the name of the device used to measure the location of stars and planets in the Medieval period?
What was the name of the device used to measure the location of stars and planets in the Medieval period?
Astrolabe
A campaign in favor of a cause, specifically a medieval Christian military expedition to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims is called a _____.
A campaign in favor of a cause, specifically a medieval Christian military expedition to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims is called a _____.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What was the primary focus of the medieval worldview?
What was the primary focus of the medieval worldview?
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The poor in the Middle Ages believed they would have easy and comfortable lives on earth.
The poor in the Middle Ages believed they would have easy and comfortable lives on earth.
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What was the main goal of the Crusades?
What was the main goal of the Crusades?
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The three major religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all grew out of the same _____ history.
The three major religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all grew out of the same _____ history.
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Which of the following best describes the Silk Road?
Which of the following best describes the Silk Road?
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Which of the following was NOT a primary role of Islamic Civilization?
Which of the following was NOT a primary role of Islamic Civilization?
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The Black Death was primarily transmitted through contaminated water sources.
The Black Death was primarily transmitted through contaminated water sources.
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Which of the following best describes the focus of art during the Renaissance?
Which of the following best describes the focus of art during the Renaissance?
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What was a major factor contributing to the rise of Italian city-states during the Renaissance?
What was a major factor contributing to the rise of Italian city-states during the Renaissance?
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During the Renaissance, most girls received the same level of formal education as boys.
During the Renaissance, most girls received the same level of formal education as boys.
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The feudal system had a hierarchical class structure with ______ at the top.
The feudal system had a hierarchical class structure with ______ at the top.
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What is the term for the theory that places the sun at the center of the solar system?
What is the term for the theory that places the sun at the center of the solar system?
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The religious movement of the 16th century that led to the creation of Protestant churches is known as the ______.
The religious movement of the 16th century that led to the creation of Protestant churches is known as the ______.
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Which of these best describes humanism during the Renaissance?
Which of these best describes humanism during the Renaissance?
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Match the following figures with their contribution during the Renaissance:
Match the following figures with their contribution during the Renaissance:
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Match the following Renaissance city-states with their primary economic activity:
Match the following Renaissance city-states with their primary economic activity:
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What is a key characteristic of art during the medieval period?
What is a key characteristic of art during the medieval period?
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The printing press increased the demand for priests to teach the Bible.
The printing press increased the demand for priests to teach the Bible.
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The printing press played no role in the ideas that came about during the Reformation.
The printing press played no role in the ideas that came about during the Reformation.
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Other than the printing press, briefly describe one cause for the spread of Renaissance ideas
Other than the printing press, briefly describe one cause for the spread of Renaissance ideas
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What is the term for the concept of an opinion that goes against accepted belief?
What is the term for the concept of an opinion that goes against accepted belief?
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Fine parchment made from the hide of calves, used for writing and art is called ______.
Fine parchment made from the hide of calves, used for writing and art is called ______.
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Which of the following was a major contribution of Francois Viete?
Which of the following was a major contribution of Francois Viete?
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The desire for new trade routes and goods from the Far East was a key motivation during the ______.
The desire for new trade routes and goods from the Far East was a key motivation during the ______.
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Which of these best explains the difference between Renaissance and Classical art?
Which of these best explains the difference between Renaissance and Classical art?
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What was the main religion of Spain during the time of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
What was the main religion of Spain during the time of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
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Christopher Columbus believed he had reached the mainland of North America.
Christopher Columbus believed he had reached the mainland of North America.
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Who funded the voyages of Christopher Columbus?
Who funded the voyages of Christopher Columbus?
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Queen Elizabeth I played a significant role in the Age of __________.
Queen Elizabeth I played a significant role in the Age of __________.
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Match the explorers with their accomplishments:
Match the explorers with their accomplishments:
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What was one of the key navigation techniques improved by the notable figure in Portugal?
What was one of the key navigation techniques improved by the notable figure in Portugal?
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Latitude refers to the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
Latitude refers to the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
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What is the purpose of a log in the context of exploration?
What is the purpose of a log in the context of exploration?
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An __________ is a person who translates language to facilitate communication.
An __________ is a person who translates language to facilitate communication.
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Which of the following was NOT accomplished by Columbus?
Which of the following was NOT accomplished by Columbus?
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Study Notes
Medieval Period Key Terms
- Byzantine Empire: The eastern part of the Roman Empire.
- Era: A historical period.
- Middle Ages: A European historical period from the 4th century fall of the Roman Empire to the 14th century Renaissance.
- Astrolabe: A compass-like device for measuring star and planet positions.
- Crusade: A military expedition, historically a Christian one to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims.
- Judaism, Christianity, Islam: Three major religions originating from a shared history.
- Feudal System: A European political-economic-social system with a rigid class structure based on landholding.
- Diplomacy: The skill in handling negotiations, especially in government.
- Alliance: A formal agreement between parties to cooperate.
- Hierarchical: A system based on ranked statuses or authorities.
Medieval Worldview
- The medieval worldview centered on God and the Church.
- The poor believed in rewards after death.
- The rich donated to the poor and churches, expecting heavenly rewards.
Crusades
- The Crusades were religious wars between Christians and Muslims to control the Holy Land.
- The three major religions all originated from the same religious background and all wanted to control the region.
Silk Road
- The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting East and West (over 6400 km).
- It facilitated the spread of ideas, knowledge (music, math, religion, science), diseases (like the Black Death), and increased trade and cultural exchange.
Islamic Civilization's Contributions
- Mathematics: Refined understanding of numbers from Indian ideas.
- Astronomy: Advanced understanding of planetary movements, and inventions like the astrolabe.
- Medicine: Studied diseases and the human body, creating widely used medical texts for centuries.
Feudal System Structure
- Kings: Granted land to nobles.
- Higher Clergy (Lords): Owned land, held power above nobles.
- Lower Clergy/Knights/Nobles/Priests: Provided military support and taxes to the monarch.
- Peasants: Worked the land, and provided military service to their lords.
Black Death
- Appeared in Europe in 1347, quickly spreading and killing an estimated half of the population in two centuries.
- Caused by the Bubonic Plague, transmitted from Asia through rodents.
- Believed causes included astrological movements, divine punishment, the Devil, and the fault of other groups like Jews.
Renaissance Overview
- The Renaissance was a period of cultural and intellectual rebirth marked by rediscovering ancient Greek and Roman thought, increased cultural exchange, and the emergence of wealthy Italian city-states.
- The rise of city-states like Florence, Venice, and Genoa led to a new class of powerful merchants and traders.
Renaissance City-States
- Florence: A wealthy banking center, primarily centered on wool/cloth/silk, ruled by the Medici oligarchy. Known for its patronage of the arts and hilly terrain.
- Venice: A republic with a Doge as head of state. Focused on sea trade and book trade. Merchant support of the arts. Located on shallow islands off the Adriatic coast.
- Genoa: A republic governed by rival families. Strong naval presence, shipbuilders, merchants, and banking; known for the Bank of St. George. Located on a narrow strip of land between the sea and mountains of the Tyrrhenian Sea, conducive for trade.
Renaissance Key Terms
- Feudalism: A system where lords granted land for loyalty and service.
- Humanism: A system of thought that focuses on human values and potential.
- Vellum: Fine parchment from calfskin used for writing and art.
- Vernacular: Local languages used instead of Latin.
Spread of Renaissance Ideas
- Slow spread to Western/Northern Europe: Due to the influence of the Catholic Church, rigid feudal systems, and the Hundred Years' War.
- Factors facilitating spread: The end of the Hundred Years' War, decline of feudalism, and the rise of humanism.
Printing Press
- Invention: Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400s.
- Impact: Increased access to cheaper books, rise in literacy, and dissemination of knowledge.
- Effects on different groups: Rich benefitted from cheaper books but felt the loss of exclusive knowledge; Church and Scribes were unhappy due to job displacement; Scholars gained from knowledge production/spread; Common people were largely unaffected as literacy rates remained low.
Renaissance Key Figures
- Leonardo da Vinci: Painter, scientist, engineer (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper).
- William Shakespeare: Playwright and poet (Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth).
- Francois Viete: Mathematician, contributed to trigonometry, architecture, and shipping.
- Erasmus: Scholar, supported the Church, advocated for vernacular Bible translation.
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Astronomer credited with proving the heliocentric theory.
Renaissance Art
- Shifting focus: Humanism emphasized human life, beauty, and joy, shifting focus from the afterlife.
- Art styles: Artists adapted styles to depict humanist subjects/religious themes humanistically.
- Patronage: Wealthy patrons supported artists.
- Early Renaissance (14th-early 15th centuries): Focused on religious themes, but with more lifelike figures, realistic proportions, and expressions.
- Anatomy's role: Knowledge of human anatomy from dissection contributed to lifelike portrayals.
- Backgrounds: Became increasingly realistic, detailed, and natural.
Renaissance vs. Modern World Comparisons
- Quality of Life: Improved for the middle class in the Renaissance, many in the modern world enjoy a higher quality of life.
- Currency: Bartering was prominent, now a system of money and banking.
- Role of Religion: Christianity was important, but influence has changed. Today society is often more secular, and religion's role in daily life is potentially different.
- Housing: Housing differences based on income prevalent then, continue today, but likely affected by cost of living.
- Marriage and Family: Age at marriage, spousal selection, and familial roles differed from today's standards.
- Education: Differing access and structure of education for boys and girls.
- Leisure: Limited leisure options for most, far more opportunities today, especially with technology like internet.
Age of Exploration
- Motivation: To find new routes to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic. Seeking riches and power.
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Key Figures:
- King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella: Sponsored Columbus' voyages, known for religious persecution.
- Christopher Columbus: Discovered the Caribbean Islands, wrongly believing he had reached Asia.
- Queen Elizabeth I: Played a significant role in the Age of Exploration.
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Accomplishments:
- Columbus: Discovered the Caribbean and a passage to the Pacific, named the Americas.
- Portugal: Found a route to India and China by sailing around Africa.
Navigation and Mapping
- Improved sailing techniques, instruments, sail designs, and mapping: Prompted by Portuguese leaders’ initiatives.
- Latitude: Used in navigation and mapping.
- Logs: Records of exploration journeys used for future plans.
- Interpreters: Used to facilitate communication with indigenous populations.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms related to the Medieval Period. This quiz covers important concepts such as the Byzantine Empire, Crusades, and the Feudal System. Explore the significant historical context and understand the worldview that shaped this era.
