Medieval Period Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

The historical period from about AD 500 to about AD 1500 is referred to as the Medieval period or the ___________ __________.

Middle Ages

A building where monks or nuns live and work in community is a ___________.

monastery

Saint Francis of Assisi formed a religious community of __________ who begged for what they needed to live.

Friars

Saint Thomas Aquinas, an important figure in the __________ __________, emphasized arriving at the truth through dialogue with different points of view.

<p>Scholastic movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

A major break that causes division is a __________.

<p>schism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Friars and Monks?

<p>Friars travel and beg for living needs, Monks stay in monasteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times was Benedict almost killed?

<p>Three times</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Rosary come from?

<p>Once, there were 100 knots in a rope, and to get them out some monks prayed on it. Others watching wanted to be able to pray as well. Hence, 100 easy prayers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two groups of the Church?

<p>One wanted peace, the other wanted to be involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Jesus' teachings?

<p>Give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, give to God what belongs to God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Monasticism?

<p>The spiritual lifestyle of contemplation for nuns and monks. Sanctuary for people who needed safety and care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benedict?

<p>Italian saint and monk, he created a set of rules for monks to follow. Well known, established Monte Cassino in Italy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Work and pray' refer to?

<p>Rule Benedict invented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. Bernardo of Clairvaux?

<p>In France, he founded a monastery, order of the Cistercians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Nuns and Monks do?

<p>Reformed monasteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Guilds?

<p>Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Western empire invaded by?

<p>The Barbarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Scholastic movement?

<p>The development of the university system and the reasoned approach to theology as 'faith seeking understanding.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Saint Thomas Aquinas?

<p>He believed that Christianity's premises and date came from divine revelation rather than from empirical observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Truth cannot contradict truth, faith cannot contradict faith' mean?

<p>We can be Catholic and have the Big Bang theory at the same time!</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are stained glass windows?

<p>Teaching tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were Angela Merici and the Ursulines?

<p>Founded Ursuline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Carolingian Renaissance?

<p>From Charlemagne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ can also refer to events, people, traditions, or anything else from the Middle Ages, whether it's religious, political, artistic, or educational.

<p>Medieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

Later in the Middle Ages, a few holy monks and nuns __________ existing monasteries to help focus on prayer.

<p>Reformed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pope Urban II?

<p>Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the year 800, the Pope __________ recognized Charlemagne's importance to Christendom by crowning him as the Holy Roman Emperor.

<p>Leo III</p> Signup and view all the answers

A movement known as the _________ Renaissance brought new advances in art, writing, architecture, and literacy.

<p>Carolingian</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the only successful crusade?

<p>First Crusade</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Children's Crusade led by?

<p>Stephen of Cloyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

In this case, the _________ was ultimately caused by a refusal to submit to the pope's _________.

<p>schism, authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

Up until ________, the _________ Church had still accepted the authority of the _________ as the successor of Saint Peter.

<p>1054, Eastern, Pope</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the __________, both leaders _________ each other.

<p>Aftermath, excommunicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Excommunication mean?

<p>The taking away of a person's right of membership in a Christian church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Yet hope for ________ still springs up: In _______, Saint John Paul II and _________ Bartholomew I of __________ celebrated the _________ together!

<p>Unity, 1995, Patrick, Constantinople, Eucharist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muslims conquered areas previously controlled by _________.

<p>Christians</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through their contact with ________ scholars, the Crusaders also brought back advances in astronomy, mathematics, and science to Europe.

<p>Muslim</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a ________ had been committed, the defendant was given a Church punishment - such as fasting, making a pilgrimage, attending Mass more frequently, or wearing a distinctive piece of clothing.

<p>heresy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

<p>The Spanish Inquisition targeted recently converted Jews and Muslims, with the excuse that their conversions were not sincere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

These issues included ______, which is the purpose of buying and selling Church roles or spiritual privileges; priests having wives, either publicly or secretly, and lay investiture.

<p>Simony</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Investiture?

<p>A ceremony in which a person formally receives the authority and symbols of an office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

St.________ of Siena was a _______, meaning that she had a very intense, _______ experiences of God's presence.

<p>Catherine, mystic, prayerful</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Bubonic Plague reach Europe?

<p>1347</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike monks, however, _____ move around in order to ______ and teach, instead of staying in one _________.

<p>Friars, preach, monastery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pope Benedict?

<p>Renowned Church theologian. Pope from 2005-2013. First pope to ever resign due to health reasons. 265th Pope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Era of Christendom?

<p>Everyone calls themselves Catholic, because it was trending, but didn't follow Christian laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two aspects of the Church?

<p>A visible and a spiritual reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leo III- crowned Charlemagne as emperor of the Romans.

Signup and view all the answers

Who was Urban II?

<p>Called First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Callistus II & Henry VI represent?

<p>Investiture, signed the conquer death of Vernes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Investiture?

<p>A ceremony in which a person formally receives the authority and symbols of an office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nero is known for his __________.

<p>Diseased brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Council of Nicaea called?

<p>Because people are questioning the divinity of Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Holy Spirit?

<p>Divine in the Trinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Council of Ephesus declare?

<p>They declared that Mary truly is the Mother of God, or 'Theotokos' (God-bearer).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does God do?

<p>He puts people into our lives to restore and bring back peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first Ecumenical Council?

<p>Council of Jerusalem - confirmed that Jesus really walked the earth and was fully divine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the rules in the Eastern Church?

<p>You could be married and be a priest, but you couldn't be a bishop if you were married.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Crusades?

<p>To get the Muslims out of the holy land (Jerusalem).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Crusades do that Jesus didn't want them to do?

<p>Jesus didn't want anyone to spread his word through force or violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Council of Chalcedon about?

<ul> <li>Condemned Nestorius's heresy. - 'Hypostatic union' - Jesus' two natures, human and divine, cannot be separate.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. Jerome?

<ul> <li>A monk - Translated the Bible from the original languages into Latin (the language of the people).</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Council of Nicaea about?

<ul> <li>Called to confront the teachings of Arius, who taught that Jesus wasn't fully divine.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. Catherine of Siena?

<p>A mystic, meaning she had intense, prayerful experiences of God's presence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople?

<ul> <li>He lived a simple life. - He spoke about God and ordinary people.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo?

<ul> <li>Wrote about original sin, God's grace, and the story of his own conversion.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 4th and 5th centuries?

<p>These centuries were when the big decisions were made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an apologist?

<p>Defender of the Faith.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Church?

<p>She forgot the spiritual reality and just reverted to the physical reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are icons?

<p>Holy images of saints and angels, seen as a form of idolatry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a 'Lay investiture'?

<p>Was when a layperson, such as a king or noble, would appoint a bishop or abbot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Eastern Empire want/need?

<p>Help because they didn't want their empire to fall apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. Francis?

<p>Persuaded lots of people to follow Christ and he spoke religiously to a lot of animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Council of Ephesus?

<p>Declared that Mary was the 'God-bearer.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first inquisition?

<p>To rule out heresy, gave mild punishments, and corrected false teachings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the second inquisition?

<p>One that attacked Muslims and Jews and put them to death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Edict of Milan issued?

<p>313</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Saint Teresa of Avila?

<p>Reformed the female side of the Carmelite order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three evangelical councils?

<p>Poverty, chastity, and obedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Roman Empire collapse?

<p>476</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the crusaders called the holy wars?

<p>Because they captured Jerusalem from the Muslims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Saint Basil do to make an impact in the South?

<p>Brought monasticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symbol did Constantinople put on their shields?

<p>Chi-Rho</p> Signup and view all the answers

What made Christianity legal?

<p>Edict of Milan 313</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was described as a monster in revelation?

<p>Nero</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Catacombs?

<p>Where the martyrs were buried.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Black Death/Barbaric Plague rise?

<p>1347</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Fathers of the Church (Church Fathers)?

<p>Teachers whose writings extended the Tradition of the Apostles and who continue to be important for the Church's teachings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medieval Period and Church Structure

  • The Medieval period, also known as the Middle Ages, spanned from approximately AD 500 to AD 1500.
  • A monastery is a community where monks or nuns live and work together.
  • Friars, established by Saint Francis of Assisi, travel and beg for their living needs unlike monks who remain in monasteries.

Key Religious Figures and Movements

  • Saint Thomas Aquinas was significant in the Scholastic movement, promoting truth through dialogue and reasoning.
  • Pope Urban II instigated the First Crusade in 1095, calling Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims.
  • Saint Jerome translated the Bible into Latin (Vulgate), making it more accessible.

Events and Concepts

  • A schism refers to a significant division or break, particularly within the Church.
  • Monasticism embodies a spiritual lifestyle focused on contemplation and community.
  • The Carolingian Renaissance was marked by advancements in art, writing, architecture, and literacy initiated by Charlemagne.

The Crusades

  • The First Crusade was the only successful expedition, aimed to retake Jerusalem.
  • The Children’s Crusade was led by Stephen of Cloyes and involved young participants.
  • Crusaders encountered Muslim scholars, facilitating the return of advancements in various sciences to Europe.

Church Authority and Conflict

  • The schism of 1054 resulted from a refusal to submit to papal authority, leading to mutual excommunication between church leaders.
  • The Spanish Inquisition targeted converted Jews and Muslims to ensure sincerity of faith.

Theological Developments

  • The Council of Nicaea addressed Arianism, declaring the full divinity of Christ, leading to the Nicene Creed.
  • The Council of Chalcedon affirmed the hypostatic union of Christ’s two natures—human and divine.

Social and Cultural Impact

  • Guilds were associations of merchants or artisans aimed at protecting economic interests and passing on trades.
  • The Black Death, peaking in 1347, had devastating impacts on Europe, affecting social and religious structures.

Exploration of Faith

  • Icons are holy images used in veneration but can be viewed as idolatry.
  • Apologists defend the faith against criticisms and misconceptions.
  • St. Augustine and St. John Chrysostom significantly shaped Christian thought and pastoral practices.

Final Notes

  • The period saw complex tensions between spiritual and physical realities within the Church, as exemplified by lay investiture scandals and internal advancements in monastic reforms.
  • The Edict of Milan in 313 legalized Christianity, transforming its status within the Roman Empire.

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Test your knowledge of the Medieval period with these flashcards! Covering key terms such as the Middle Ages, monasteries, and religious communities, this quiz is perfect for students wanting to deepen their understanding of this historical era.

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