Medicine Quiz on Nutritional Deficiencies

Study Notes

Medical Conditions Associated with Celiac Disease

Edema is often caused by hypoproteinemia, seen in conditions like Celiac disease and protein-losing enteropathy.
Vitamin D deficiency can result in Rickets in children and Osteomalacia or Osteopenia in adults. Severe deficiency can lead to hypocalcemia, increasing the risk of tetany due to impaired calcium transport in the diseased small intestine.
Vitamin K deficiency leads to bruising as a result of prothrombin deficiency.
Dermatitis herpetiformis, a rare rash characterized by extremely itchy vesicles, typically appears on extensor surfaces including elbows and scalp, often without intestinal symptoms.
Ataxia arises from autoimmune cerebellar degeneration and is a common neurologic manifestation of Celiac disease, with some patients improving on a gluten-free diet.
Hormonal disorders linked to Celiac disease include amenorrhea, delayed menarche, infertility in women, and impotence and infertility in men.

Physical Examination Findings

Tympanic abdomen indicates distension of intestinal loops filled with gas.
Ascites may be observed in patients with severe hypoproteinemia.
Weight loss can manifest as muscle wasting or loose skin folds.
Orthostatic hypotension occurs when standing, indicating possible dehydration or blood volume issues.
Peripheral edema may develop due to fluid retention.
Ecchymosis signifies bleeding under the skin, often due to clotting issues related to nutrient deficiencies.
Hyperkeratosis or dermatitis herpetiformis can present on the skin.
Cheilosis and glossitis reflect deficiencies in B vitamins or iron.
Evidence of peripheral neuropathy may appear, with signs like Chvostek sign or Trousseau sign indicative of neuromuscular excitability.
Clubbing and Aphthous ulcers may also occur in some individuals.

Disease Associations with Celiac Disease

Possible associations include Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2-8%), Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Down syndrome, IgA deficiency (2%), and Pernicious anemia.
Other conditions include Primary biliary cirrhosis (3%), Pancreatic insufficiency, Ulcerative jejunitis, Microscopic colitis, and various forms of Inflammatory bowel disease.
Increased risk of malignancies such as small bowel carcinoma, squamous carcinoma of the esophagus, and Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma.
Related autoimmune disorders include Sjögren's syndrome (3%), Thyroid disease (5%), and Sarcoidosis.
Neurological complications may include encephalopathy, cerebellar atrophy (Ataxia), epilepsy, peripheral neuropathy, and myasthenia gravis.

Description

Test your knowledge on various nutritional deficiencies and their consequences, including edema, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin K deficiency. This quiz also covers related conditions like dermatitis herpetiformis. Dive deep into the medical aspects of nutrition and its impact on health.