Medications in Medical-Surgical Nursing

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What is the primary mechanism of action of pramlintide?

Slowing gastric emptying and reducing glucagon secretion (correct)
Increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
Stimulating insulin secretion
Inhibiting glucose output from the liver

Which side effect is commonly associated with pramlintide therapy?

Hypoglycemia (correct)
Muscle cramps
Increased appetite
Weight gain

Where should pramlintide be injected subcutaneously?

Leg
Thigh or abdomen (correct)
Arm
Back

What is the class of medications that pramlintide belongs to?

Amylin analogs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name of the medication that contains pramlintide?

Symlin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pramlintide on appetite?

Decreases appetite (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pramlintide on glucagon secretion?

Decreases glucagon secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pramlintide on gastric emptying?

Slows gastric emptying (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes management?

To make decisions about food intake and activity patterns (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is emergency management of DKA necessary?

When fluid and electrolyte imbalances are severe (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid and electrolyte therapy in DKA management?

To replace extracellular and intracellular water and correct electrolyte deficits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of insulin therapy in DKA management?

Hypokalemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is insulin administered in HHS management?

By IV infusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the management of DKA and HHS?

HHS requires more fluid replacement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of monitoring electrolytes in HHS management?

To monitor and replace electrolyte deficits (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is HHS considered a medical emergency?

Because it has a high mortality rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when a patient shows signs of hypoglycemia?

Check the patient's blood glucose level if possible (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Rule of 15' used for in hypoglycemia treatment?

To administer 15g of simple carbohydrate, then recheck the blood glucose level 15 minutes later (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why should the patient avoid consuming large quantities of quick-acting carbohydrates during hypoglycemia treatment?

To avoid a rapid fluctuation to hyperglycemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be administered to an unconscious patient experiencing hypoglycemia?

A subcutaneous or IM injection of 1mg glucagon, or IV administration of 25-50mL of 50% glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of providing additional patient teaching after an acute episode of hypoglycemia?

To avoid future episodes of hypoglycemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood glucose level at which to initiate treatment for hypoglycemia?

Below 70mg/dL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient ingest after recovery from an acute episode of hypoglycemia to prevent another hypoglycemic attack?

A complex carbohydrate (B) Signup and view all the answers

When should the HCP be contacted during hypoglycemia treatment?

If no significant improvement occurs after two or three doses of 15g of simple carbohydrate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of GLP-1 agonist drugs on insulin?

Increase insulin release (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week?

At least 150 minutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of delayed gastric emptying on other oral medications?

Decreased absorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nutrition therapy in type 2 diabetes?

Achieving glucose, lipid, and BP goals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of resistance training per week?

3 times (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of regular exercise on blood glucose levels?

Decrease blood glucose levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who is often responsible for initially teaching the principles of nutrition in interprofessional diabetes care?

Dietitian (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of GLP-1 agonist drugs on gastric emptying?

Decrease gastric emptying (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for taking fast-acting oral agents before injecting a GLP-1 agonist drug?

At least 1 hour (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of modest weight loss on insulin resistance and glucose control?

Improve insulin resistance and glucose control (B) Signup and view all the answers