Medications in Medical-Surgical Nursing

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of pramlintide?

  • Slowing gastric emptying and reducing glucagon secretion (correct)
  • Increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
  • Stimulating insulin secretion
  • Inhibiting glucose output from the liver

Which side effect is commonly associated with pramlintide therapy?

  • Hypoglycemia (correct)
  • Muscle cramps
  • Increased appetite
  • Weight gain

Where should pramlintide be injected subcutaneously?

  • Leg
  • Thigh or abdomen (correct)
  • Arm
  • Back

What is the class of medications that pramlintide belongs to?

<p>Amylin analogs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name of the medication that contains pramlintide?

<p>Symlin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pramlintide on appetite?

<p>Decreases appetite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pramlintide on glucagon secretion?

<p>Decreases glucagon secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pramlintide on gastric emptying?

<p>Slows gastric emptying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes management?

<p>To make decisions about food intake and activity patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is emergency management of DKA necessary?

<p>When fluid and electrolyte imbalances are severe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid and electrolyte therapy in DKA management?

<p>To replace extracellular and intracellular water and correct electrolyte deficits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of insulin therapy in DKA management?

<p>Hypokalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is insulin administered in HHS management?

<p>By IV infusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the management of DKA and HHS?

<p>HHS requires more fluid replacement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of monitoring electrolytes in HHS management?

<p>To monitor and replace electrolyte deficits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is HHS considered a medical emergency?

<p>Because it has a high mortality rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when a patient shows signs of hypoglycemia?

<p>Check the patient's blood glucose level if possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Rule of 15' used for in hypoglycemia treatment?

<p>To administer 15g of simple carbohydrate, then recheck the blood glucose level 15 minutes later (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the patient avoid consuming large quantities of quick-acting carbohydrates during hypoglycemia treatment?

<p>To avoid a rapid fluctuation to hyperglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be administered to an unconscious patient experiencing hypoglycemia?

<p>A subcutaneous or IM injection of 1mg glucagon, or IV administration of 25-50mL of 50% glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of providing additional patient teaching after an acute episode of hypoglycemia?

<p>To avoid future episodes of hypoglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood glucose level at which to initiate treatment for hypoglycemia?

<p>Below 70mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient ingest after recovery from an acute episode of hypoglycemia to prevent another hypoglycemic attack?

<p>A complex carbohydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the HCP be contacted during hypoglycemia treatment?

<p>If no significant improvement occurs after two or three doses of 15g of simple carbohydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of GLP-1 agonist drugs on insulin?

<p>Increase insulin release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week?

<p>At least 150 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of delayed gastric emptying on other oral medications?

<p>Decreased absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nutrition therapy in type 2 diabetes?

<p>Achieving glucose, lipid, and BP goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of resistance training per week?

<p>3 times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of regular exercise on blood glucose levels?

<p>Decrease blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is often responsible for initially teaching the principles of nutrition in interprofessional diabetes care?

<p>Dietitian (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of GLP-1 agonist drugs on gastric emptying?

<p>Decrease gastric emptying (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for taking fast-acting oral agents before injecting a GLP-1 agonist drug?

<p>At least 1 hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of modest weight loss on insulin resistance and glucose control?

<p>Improve insulin resistance and glucose control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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