Medications and Side Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Give examples of H2 blocker:

  • Ranitidine (Zantac) (correct)
  • Cimetidine (Tagamet) (correct)
  • Famotidine (Pepcid Oral) (correct)
  • All of the above

What are the side effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

  • Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea (N/V/D) (correct)
  • Abdominal pain (correct)
  • Kidney disease (correct)
  • Hip fractures (correct)
  • All of the above (correct)

What are the side effects of ACE Inhibitors?

  • Dry cough (correct)
  • Hyperkalemia (correct)
  • Angioedema (correct)
  • All of the above

What are the examples of Non-CCB medications and their MOA?

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Selective Beta-blockers:

<p>Metoprolol (A), Bisoprolol (B), Atenolol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of Non-Selective Beta-blockers?

<p>Bradycardia (A), Hypotension (B), Hypoglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of SGLT2 Inhibitors:

<p>Canagliflozin (A), Dapagliflozin (B), Empagliflozin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of H1 Second-generation Antihistamines:

<p>Cetirizine (A), Fexofenadine (B), Loratadine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Dextromethorphan?

<p>Dextromethorphan crosses the blood-brain barrier and activates sigma opioid receptors on the cough center in the central nervous system, thereby suppressing the cough reflex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Long-acting Beta2-agonists (LABAs):

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of 3 Cephalosporins:

<p>Ceftriaxone (A), Ceftazidime (B), Cefuroxime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of Metformin, Atorvastatin, and Thiazide?

<p>Metformin: Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea (N/V/D), Weight loss, Decreased Vitamin B12, Lactic Acidosis (A), Atorvastatin: Muscle and joint pain, Loss of appetite, Insomnia (B), Thiazide: Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea (N/V/D), Hypokalemia, Muscle spasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Diclofenac Potassium and Diclofenac Sodium?

<p>Diclofenac Potassium tends to be absorbed into the body more quickly than Diclofenac Sodium. This means that Diclofenac Potassium has a faster onset of action than Diclofenac Sodium. Diclofenac Sodium has a longer duration of action, meaning that it lasts for a longer time in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Fluoroquinolones:

<p>Ciprofloxacin (A), Levofloxacin (B), Gemifloxacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of K Channel Blockers:

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Sodium Channel Blockers:

<p>Quinidine (A), Lidocaine (B), Phenytoin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Atrovent (ipratropium)?

<p>Atrovent (ipratropium) is a bronchodilator that relaxes the muscles in the airways and increases airflow to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Antitussive Drugs.

<p>Dextromethorphan (A), Menthol (B), Codeine (C), Ambroxol (D), Diphenhydramine (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Thiazolidinedione:

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Guaifenesin is safe in pregnancy and is an over-the-counter (OTC) medication.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a diabetic patient who uses Sulfonylureas and Propranolol at the same time?

<p>The patient may experience pronounced or asymptomatic hypoglycemia due to the interaction between these medications. This is because propranolol blocks beta-adrenoceptors, which contribute to recovery from hypoglycemia. As a result, the patient may experience a more severe and prolonged hypoglycemic episode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Insulin Secretagogues.

<p>BothA and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms of hypoglycemia?

<p>Sweating (A), Feeling hungry (B), Dizziness (C), Tingling Lips (D), All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a long-acting Insulin?

<p>Insulin Glargine (Lantus, Toujeo)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of ACE Inhibitors.

<p>Captopril (A), Lisinopril (B), Benazepril (C), Moexipril (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Macrolides.

<p>Erythromycin (A), Roxithromycin (B), Azithromycin (C), Clarithromycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote to Acetaminophen?

<p>N-acetylcysteine (NAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a dry cough and a wet cough?

<p>A dry cough is a cough that does not produce phlegm, while a wet cough is a cough that produces phlegm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines and their uses?

<p>Traditional (first-generation) antihistamines are older medications that block both histamine and muscarinic receptors. They can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause drowsiness, sedation, and other side effects. Second-generation antihistamines are newer medications that block only histamine receptors. They don’t cross the blood-brain barrier as readily as first-generation antihistamines, making them less likely to cause drowsiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of Allopurinol and Fluoroquinolones?

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Biguanides.

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Metronidazole (Flagyl) used for?

<p>Bacterial Infections in the stomach, skin, joints, respiratory tract, mouth gums, and teeth (A), Septicemia (B), Prophylaxis in intestinal operations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Metformin used for other than diabetes?

<p>Gestational Diabetes (A), Weight gain (B), Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the triple therapy (TTT) of H. pylori?

<p>The triple therapy of H. pylori typically consists of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), such as omeprazole or lansoprazole; amoxicillin, an antibiotic; and clarithromycin, another antibiotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Aminoglycosides.

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

<p>Omeprazole (A), Lansoprazole (B), Pantoprazole (C), Esomeprazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of 1st generation antihistamines.

<p>Diphenhydramine (A), Chlorpheniramine (B), Brompheniramine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Bronchodilators.

<p>Salbutamol (A), Salmeterol (B), Ipratropium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers(ARBs)

<p>Valsartan (A), Telmisartan (B), Olmesartan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

<p>Amlodipine (A), Diltiazem (B), Nifedipine (C), Verapamil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of Laxatives.

<p>Stimulant laxative (A), Bulk laxative (B), Na picosulphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laxative is considered safe for pregnant women?

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?

<p>2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cetirizine is safe for pregnant women.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of an antihistamine that is safe for use during pregnancy.

<p>Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Loratadine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of inhaled corticosteroids.

<p>Budesonide (A), Symbicort (Budesonide/Formoterol) (B), Fluticasone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms and treatment (TTT) of Gestational Diabetes?

<p>The symptoms of Gestational Diabetes include increased urination, increased thirst, blurred vision, weight-loss despite an increased appetite. TTT for Gestational Diabetes includes insulin, Metformin, and Glyburide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bromhexine is safe in pregnancy and is an over-the-counter (OTC) medication.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Allopurinol and what is the consulting advise you have to give the patients?

<p>Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that breaks down purine nucleotides to uric acid, by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. You should consult with your doctor before taking Allopurinol, especially if you have any kidney or liver problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Captopril and what is the consulting advise you have to give the patients?

<p>Captopril blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, in response to low blood volume, low salt (sodium) levels or high potassium levels. You should consult with your doctor before taking Captopril, especially if you have any kidney or liver problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the appropriate duration of use for decongestants and why?

<p>Decongestants should only be used for a short time, usually not for more than a week at a time. This is because using decongestants for too long can lead to rebound congestion. Rebound congestion means that your congestion gets worse after you stop taking the decongestant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

H2 Blockers

Drugs that reduce stomach acid production.

Ranitidine (Zantac)

Example of an H2 blocker.

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Example of an H2 blocker.

Famotidine (Pepcid Oral)

Example of an H2 blocker.

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PPI Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, kidney damage, hip fractures, infections.

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ACE Side Effects

Dry cough, high potassium levels, swelling of the face.

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Non-CCB Examples

Verapamil, Diltiazem.

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Non-CCB MOA

Negative effects on SA and AV nodes, reducing heart rate and contractility.

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Selective Beta Blockers

Examples include Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Atenolol.

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Non-Selective Beta Blockers

Examples include Propranolol, Nadolol, Labetalol.

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Non-Selective Beta Blocker Side Effects

Slow heart rate, low blood pressure, low blood sugar.

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SGLT2 Inhibitors

Drugs used for diabetes, examples include Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin.

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H1 Second-Generation Examples

Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine

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Dextromethorphan MOA

Activates sigma receptors in the brain, suppressing cough.

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LABA Examples

Formoterol, Salmeterol

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3 Cephalosporin Examples

Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime

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Metformin Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, Vitamin B12 deficiency, lactic acidosis.

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Atorvastatin Side Effects

Muscle and joint pain, loss of appetite, insomnia.

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Thiazide Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low potassium levels, muscle spasms.

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Diclofenac K vs Na

Diclofenac Potassium is absorbed faster than Diclofenac Sodium, but Sodium has a longer duration of action.

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Fluoroquinolone Examples

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin

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K Channel Blocker Examples

Amiodarone, Sotalol

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Na Channel Blocker Examples

Quinidine, Lidocaine, Phenytoin

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Atrovent MOA

Relaxes airway muscles, improving airflow to the lungs.

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Antitussive Examples

Dextromethorphan, Menthol, Codeine, Ambroxol, Diphenhydramine

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Thiazolidinedione Examples

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

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Study Notes

Medications and Side Effects

  • H2 blockers: Ranitidine, Cimetidine, Famotidine
  • PPI side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
  • ACE inhibitors side effects: Dry cough, hyperkalemia
  • Non-selective beta blockers: Propranolol, Nadolol, Labetalol; side effects include bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia
  • Selective beta blockers: Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Atenolol
  • SGLT2 inhibitors: Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin
  • H1 second-generation: Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine
  • LABA: Formoterol, Salmeterol
  • Cephalosporins: Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime
  • Metformin side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, vitamin B12 deficiency, lactic acidosis
  • Atorvastatin side effects: Muscle pain, joint pain, loss of appetite, insomnia
  • Thiazide side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypokalemia, muscle spasms
  • Diclofenac K vs Na: Diclofenac K is absorbed faster than Diclofenac Na
  • Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin

Other Medications and MOA

  • Dextromethorphan MOA: Activates sigma opioid receptors in the cough center, suppressing the cough reflex
  • Ipratropium (Atrovent) MOA: Bronchodilator, relaxes airway muscles, increases airflow
  • Anti-tussive drugs: Dextromethorphan, Menthol, Codeine, Ambroxol
  • Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
  • NSAIDs: Ibuprofen, Aspirin; can cause bronchospasm in people with asthma
  • Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, Brompheniramine; first and second generation
  • Bronchodilators: Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Ipratropium
  • Short-acting insulin: Regular insulin, Velosulin

Other Medical Information

  • Diabetes considerations: Propranolol with sulfonylureas can result in dangerous hypoglycemia.
  • Dry vs. wet cough: Dry cough (e.g., from asthma) differs from a wet cough (e.g., from a respiratory infection).
  • Antihistamines (1st and 2nd generation): Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, Brompheniramine are first generation, while Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine are second generation.
  • Allopurinol: Inhibits xanthine oxidase, reducing uric acid production.
  • Captopril: Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
  • Decongestants: Should generally not be used for more than a week.
  • PPI Drug Interactions: Warfarin and PPIs can increase the risk of bleeding.
  • Metformin and Tetracycline: Potential interactions should be considered.
  • Contraindications of beta-blockers: COPD, asthma, hypotension, bradycardia
  • A1C: Measures average blood glucose over the past 3 months
  • Hypoglycemia: Fast blood sugar 40-50.

Patient Scenarios and Advice

  • Scenario 1: Patient taking aspirin, possible underlying heart condition; advise to follow up with physician
  • Scenario 2: Patient with asthma who experienced bronchospasm after taking NSAIDs; recommend an alternate pain reliever like paracetamol
  • Scenario 3: Patient with a rash after an insect bite; administer an antihistamine (systemic or topical)
  • Scenario 4: Patient with a cough, determine if it is dry or wet cough, and advise accordingly
  • Scenario 5: Patient with sore throat and runny nose; recommend Loratadine or Sudafed
  • Scenario 6: Patient with red eyes, stuffy nose; suggest Decongestant and/or Nasal spray
  • Scenario 7: Patient with headache and neck pain; suggest Diclofenac (oral or topical)
  • Scenario 8: Patient with a dry cough; recommend dextromethorphan and consider other possible causes, such as asthma or Ace/Nsaid.
  • Scenario 9: Pregnant patient with tonsillitis; recommend lozenges and warm drinks
  • Scenario 10: Patient requesting a softer pillow; inquire about allergies or sensitivities
  • Scenario 11: Patient inquiring about a cheaper alternative for an expensive medicine; explain quality differences and drug storage
  • Scenario 12: Patient is upset, remain professional and empathetic.
  • Scenario 13: Dealing with upset patient; apologize for delays, listen and acknowledge patient's stress
  • Patient notes: Often, treat the underlying medical concern and give supplemental health advice
  • DM Tests: Fasting normal range, 2 hour post-meal normal range, HBA1C normal range given

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Description

Test your knowledge about various medications and their side effects with this quiz. Covering topics from H2 blockers to SGLT2 inhibitors, you'll learn about common adverse reactions and different drug classes. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare fields.

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