Medication Safety Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of patients with seizures do medications control seizures in, if properly prescribed and taken?

60% to 70%

70% to 80% (correct)

80% to 90%

50% to 60%

Why are medications selected for controlling seizures?

Based on the patient's blood type

Based on the patient's age

Based on the type of seizure being treated and the effectiveness and safety of the medications (correct)

Based on the patient's gender

What percentage of patients with focal seizures may not demonstrate improvement with any prescribed medication or may be unable to tolerate the side effects of medications?

10%

30% (correct)

40%

20%

When is changing to another medication necessary in controlling seizures?

If seizure control is not achieved or if toxicity makes it impossible to increase the dosage Signup and view all the answers

Why are medication levels in the blood monitored?

Because the rate of drug absorption varies among patients Signup and view all the answers

What determines the starting dose and the rate at which the dosage is increased for seizure control medication?

The occurrence of side effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life range of phenobarbital?

53 to 118 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system can be affected by drug toxicity manifestations?

Any organ system Signup and view all the answers

What is the long-term effect of phenytoin use?

Gingival hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What type of seizures is phenobarbital used for?

Generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures Signup and view all the answers

What effect does phenobarbital have on the central nervous system?

Inhibits impulse conduction Signup and view all the answers

Who may require lower doses of phenobarbital?

Older adults Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum rate of intravenous administration for phenobarbital?

60 mg/minute Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is diazepam contraindicated for?

Narrow-angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of phenobarbital's therapeutic effects?

Decrease brain waves on EEG Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of diazepam?

Primarily affects the limbic system and reticular formation Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is phenobarbital used as a therapeutic agent?

Seizure disorders Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of phenobarbital?

Paradoxical excitation and integumentary changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of phenytoin?

Delaying sodium influx to stabilize neuronal membrane Signup and view all the answers

Why is caution needed in older adults when administering phenytoin?

Altered albumin levels and renal or hepatic impairment may cause drug displacement Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of long-term phenytoin use?

Increased risk of osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication to phenytoin?

Hypersensitivity to hydantoins Signup and view all the answers

How is carbamazepine administered?

Orally Signup and view all the answers

What caution is needed for pregnant and breastfeeding women when taking carbamazepine?

Due to crossing the placenta and entering breast milk Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for the administration of IV diazepam?

It should be injected slowly into a large vein Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific goal of diazepam therapy for status epilepticus?

To terminate the seizure activity Signup and view all the answers

For which conditions is gabapentin approved?

Partial seizures and postherpetic neuralgia pain Signup and view all the answers

What requires dosage adjustments for gabapentin?

Renal impairment based on creatinine clearance Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in patients with impaired liver function receiving gabapentin?

Elevated liver enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concern in combining opioids with benzodiazepines or CNS depressants?

Serious adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

QSEN Alert: Safety

FDA warns about serious adverse effects from combining opioids with benzodiazepines or CNS depressants
Diazepam should not be mixed in plastic bags or tubing and should not be combined with other solutions
Diazepam administration requires monitoring of pulse, blood pressure, respiration, and oxygen administration, along with bed rest for 3 hours
IV form of diazepam should be injected slowly into a large vein, not intra-arterially or into small veins
Goals of diazepam therapy for seizure disorder and status epilepticus differ
Nurse assesses for cardiovascular changes, CNS response, and alterations in elimination patterns with diazepam administration
Patient teaching guidelines for diazepam include advice on alcohol use, contraception, CNS depression, and seizure disorder identification
Gabapentin is approved for partial seizures and postherpetic neuralgia pain
Gabapentin's pharmacokinetics, action, and off-label uses
Dosage adjustments for gabapentin in patients with renal impairment based on creatinine clearance
Patients with impaired liver function require monitoring for elevated liver enzymes but not a dosage adjustment for gabapentin
Common adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing implications for gabapentin administration

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Description

Test your knowledge on medication safety with this quiz covering topics such as FDA warnings on opioid and benzodiazepine combinations, administration guidelines for diazepam, and considerations for gabapentin use in patients with renal or liver impairment.