Medication in Pregnant Women with Hypertension

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Questions and Answers

What is a sign of drug toxicity associated with magnesium sulfate treatment in pregnant women with hypertension?

Elevated respiratory rate

Decreased blood pressure (correct)

Increased heart rate

Hyperactive reflexes

What should be available at the bedside of a patient receiving magnesium sulfate to counteract potential toxicity?

Potassium chloride

Sodium bicarbonate

Glucose solution

Calcium gluconate (correct)

What is essential to monitor when a patient is receiving magnesium sulfate for hypertension?

Electrolyte levels

Patellar reflexes (correct)

Blood glucose levels

Liver function tests

Which type of drug reaction is characterized by an immunologic response?

Drug allergy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to assess for potential drug allergies in patients?

Ask patients about both IV and oral drug allergies Signup and view all the answers

What should a healthcare provider do if a patient displays multiple food allergies?

Refer to a doctor before prescribing medications Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may indicate that a patient is experiencing drug toxicity from magnesium sulfate?

Decreased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the patient's chart for monitoring drug toxicity from magnesium sulfate?

Observe for drug toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for administering oral medications?

Client is vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is a safe action when administering medications in capsule form?

Open the capsule and mix contents with liquid or food if it opens easily Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct angle for intradermal injection?

10-15 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions regarding enteric-coated tablets is unsafe?

Crushing the tablets before swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following routes of administration has the maximum allowable volume of 1-3 mL?

Subcutaneous Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes drug tolerance in individuals?

Unusually low physiological response to a drug. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the FDA in the Philippines?

To license, monitor, and regulate food and drug safety. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do first when a medication error occurs?

Assess the patient and report to the medical doctor. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes physiological tolerance to pain relievers?

Frequent use of pain relievers consistently raises an individual's pain threshold. Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if a drug is found to have harmful substances?

It may be terminated or recalled by the FDA. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about drug tolerance?

It only develops in patients using drugs for recreational purposes. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the FDA, what does 'monitor' refer to?

Continuous assessment of drug safety and compliance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the role of medication nurses?

Providing direct care and monitoring drug administration to patients. Signup and view all the answers

How does the FDA support public health?

By assessing and regulating the safety of various products. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Republic Act No. 3720?

To ensure the safety and purity of foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in determining the effectiveness of medication according to the right evaluation?

Client response to medication Signup and view all the answers

Which act is specifically focused on counterfeit drugs in the Philippines?

Republic Act No. 8203 Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse verify a client's identity before administering medication?

By checking the identification bracelet and the client's verbal confirmation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Consumer Act of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 7394) aim to achieve?

To establish a framework for fair business practices. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if a client does not have an identification bracelet?

Verify the client’s identity through verbal confirmation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent a common component of a medication prescription?

Patient's medical history Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using generic names instead of brand names when writing prescriptions?

To ensure consistency and avoid misidentification of drugs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the initial rights that must be observed for the right client?

Right diet Signup and view all the answers

Which healthcare providers are allowed to prescribe medication according to the guidelines mentioned?

Physicians, dentists, podiatrists, and licensed healthcare providers with authority Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ask the client to state their name instead of calling out their name during medication administration?

To ensure the client is alert and responsive Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of properly identifying a patient before administering medication?

To ensure the correct patient receives the prescribed medication. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper frequency for medication administration as indicated in the right evaluation?

Every 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What distinct category does 'unregistered and imported drug product' fall under according to Republic Act No. 8203?

Counterfeit drug Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is a key principle of the right client education?

Ensure information is tailored to the client's level of understanding Signup and view all the answers

What practice is discouraged when identifying a patient?

Calling the patient by a name that could lead to confusion. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the effectiveness of medication is not effectively evaluated?

The client’s condition may worsen Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should medication effectiveness be evaluated?

Every 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the 'Ten Rights' in medication administration?

Right medication Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is likely a reason a client might not respond to their name during medication administration?

Cognitive impairment or lack of awareness Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if a client refuses to take medication?

Document the refusal and explore the reasons behind it Signup and view all the answers

Which route of medication administration is necessary for adequate absorption?

Sublingual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the 'rights' in medication administration?

Right duration Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of administering medications at specified times?

To facilitate proper monitoring of drug effects Signup and view all the answers

When should a charge nurse chart an incident involving a client who vomits?

Immediately after the incident occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by drug tolerance in a person?

Unusually low physiologic response to a drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the FDA in the Philippines?

To license, monitor, and regulate food and drugs Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do first when a medication error occurs?

Assess the patient and report to the MD immediately Signup and view all the answers

How does drug tolerance typically develop in individuals?

From repeated exposure to substances over time Signup and view all the answers

What could be a result of a drug being found to contain harmful substances?

Termination of the drug's use Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects does NOT fall under the FDA's regulatory responsibilities?

Direct healthcare service administration Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible misconception regarding drug tolerance?

It only develops in individuals with chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Republic Act No. 3720?

To establish standards for food and drug safety Signup and view all the answers

What is a major function of a medication nurse in relation to patients?

To provide direct care and check medication charts Signup and view all the answers

Which healthcare providers are explicitly allowed to prescribe medications according to the guidelines mentioned?

Podiatrists and licensed health care providers Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when identifying a patient prior to medication administration?

Calling the patient by their name aloud Signup and view all the answers

Which Republic Act specifically addresses the issue of counterfeit drugs in the Philippines?

Republic Act No. 8203 Signup and view all the answers

What is a component that must be included in a medication prescription?

Date and time the order is written Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the context of medication?

To administer and enforce laws related to food and drugs Signup and view all the answers

Under the Consumer Act of the Philippines, what is protected?

General welfare and consumer interests Signup and view all the answers

What document distinguishes unregistered drug products from counterfeit drugs according to Republic Act No. 8203?

Special law on counterfeit drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacology primarily focused on?

Study of drugs, including origin, effects, and metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the 'Father of American Pharmacology'?

John Jacob Abel Signup and view all the answers

What was Fredrich Serturner's significant contribution to pharmacology?

Isolation of morphine from opium Signup and view all the answers

What role do pharmacologists typically undertake in their research?

Analyze the impact of drugs in animal studies Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of studying drug metabolism in pharmacology?

To establish how drugs are absorbed and eliminated from the body Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacodynamics primarily examine?

How drugs interact with biological systems Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for drugs to be metabolized and excreted from the body?

To avoid potential toxicity Signup and view all the answers

How did early chemists contribute to the field of pharmacology?

By isolating specific substances from complex mixtures Signup and view all the answers

Which administration site is considered the site of choice for infants under 1 year old?

Vastus lateralis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended angle for intramuscular injections?

90-degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication should NOT be crushed before administration?

Sustained-action tablets Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure before administering ophthalmic medications?

Clean eyelid from outer to inner canthus Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when administering injections into the deltoid muscle?

It is close to major blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be avoided when administering medications via the rectus femoris site?

Administering more than 1 mL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sites is contradicted for adults with well-developed gluteal muscles?

Dorsogluteal Signup and view all the answers

When administering otic medications to an adult, which technique is recommended?

Keep the head tilted to the side Signup and view all the answers

Which of these actions is appropriate for mixing liquid medication?

Mix before pouring into a cup Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after instilling ophthalmic drops?

Perform punctual occlusion for 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which site is considered inappropriate for administering medication to young children?

Dorsogluteal Signup and view all the answers

What preparation step is crucial for administering otic medications?

Warm the medication before use Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario should liquid medications be measured?

By the bottom of the meniscus Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary action before administering medication via the dorsogluteal site?

Check for the presence of large nerves or blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medication Management in Hypertension during Pregnancy

Magnesium sulfate is used to manage hypertension in pregnant women.
Monitor for drug toxicity by assessing blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and patellar reflex.
Administer calcium gluconate if signs of toxicity are present.

Drug Allergy and Tolerance

Drug allergy refers to an immunologic reaction or hypersensitivity to a medication.
Skin testing recommended for intravenous (IV) drugs; inquire about oral drug allergies.
Patients with multiple food allergies should be referred to a doctor.
Drug tolerance means a diminished physiological response to a drug, often seen in habitual users of pain relievers.

Drug Regulation and FDA in the Philippines

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees licensing, monitoring, and regulation of food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
FDA's main goal: ensure the health and safety of public medications.
Physicians must prescribe using generic names, avoiding brand names to reduce errors.
Republic Act No. 3720: Established the FDA for public safety in food and drugs.
Republic Act No. 8203: Defines counterfeit drugs and regulates unregistered imported drug products.
Republic Act No. 7394: Consumer Act protecting against deceptive sales practices in the Philippines.

Medication Administration Rights

Ensure patient identification using an ID band or bracelet before administering medication.
Follow the "Ten Rights" of medication administration:
- Right medication
- Right client
- Right dose
- Right time
- Right route
- Right reason
- Right documentation
- Right response/evaluation
- Right education
- Right to refuse

Oral and Parenteral Medications

Oral medications are the most common route but have strict contraindications, such as vomiting or inability to swallow.
Contraindications for oral medication include:
- Vomiting or intestinal/gastric suction.
- Unconscious patients; cannot swallow.
Safe practices for oral medications:
- Scored tablets may be split; chewable medications can be crushed.
- Avoid crushing enteric-coated or gel-coated tablets.
- Do not open sealed capsules or crush sublingual formulations.
Common parenteral administration routes:
- Intradermal injections require a 10-15 degree angle, primarily in the upper chest or inner lower arm.
- Subcutaneous injections typically performed at a 45-degree angle with a maximum volume of up to 1-3 mL.

Administration Techniques

Observe safe actions and contraindications for medication administration.
For injections, ensure the correct angle, gauge, and volume based on the site selected.

Basic Concepts of Pharmacology

Pharmacology studies drugs, including their origin, chemical structure, preparation, administration, action, metabolism, and excretion.
Historical reference: The word 'pharmacology' first noted in the early 1800s.
Significant figures: Friedrich Sertürner isolated morphine from opium, testing its effects by self-administration.
John Jacob Abel: Recognized as the Father of American Pharmacology; established the first pharmacology department at the University of Michigan in 1890.

Drug Tolerance

Drug tolerance refers to a decreased physiological response to a drug after repeated use.
Individuals with low tolerance may require lower doses, whereas habitual users may develop higher tolerance.

Drug Regulation & Mandates

The FDA in the Philippines oversees the licensing, monitoring, and regulation of food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
The main goal of the FDA is to ensure public health and safety in drug administration.
Errors in drug administration must be immediately reported to a physician after assessing the patient.

Key Legislation

Republic Act No. 3720: Known as the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ensuring the safety and purity of food and drugs.
Republic Act No. 8203: Addresses counterfeit drugs and distinguishes unregistered from counterfeit products.
Republic Act No. 7394: The Consumer Act, protecting consumer interest and establishing standards for business conduct.

The Ten Rights of Medication Administration

Right medication: Ensure the patient receives the prescribed drug.
Right dose: Administer the correct dosage of medication.
Right route: Ensure the selected route allows for appropriate absorption (e.g., oral, sublingual, topical).
Right time: Administer medications at specified times (e.g., twice a day, three times a day).
Right to refuse: Patients can refuse medication, and nurses should document the reason and facilitate compliance.
Right assessment: Collect pertinent data before drug administration to ensure patient safety.

Administration Techniques

Tablets and capsules: For difficult swallowing, crush only when appropriate and mix with water.
Liquid medications: Mix solutions before pouring and measure at eye level.

Intramuscular Injection Sites

Ventrogluteal: Recommended for adults and older children; has fewer risks of nerve injury.
Vastus lateralis: Preferred site for infants and younger children; avoids excessive movement and wrinkling.
Dorsogluteal: Use with caution due to the risk of sciatic nerve injury; generally not recommended.
Deltoid: Suitable for rapid absorption; limited to 1 mL for injections.
Rectus femoris: Can be self-administered; may cause discomfort.

Ophthalmic and Otic Medications

Ophthalmic: Clean the eyelid from inner to outer canthus before administering drops; do punctual occlusion for 30 seconds post-application.
Otic: Ensure the medication is warmed before use, and the auditory canal is straightened for effective administration.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the use of medication, specifically magnesium sulfate, for managing hypertension in pregnant women. It covers aspects such as dosage, action, and the identification of drug toxicity through vital signs. Gain insights into safe practices and recognize critical warning signs.