Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of acetaminophen?
What is the primary mechanism of action of acetaminophen?
- Decreasing prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system (correct)
- Suppressing platelet aggregation
- Blocking H1 and H2 receptors
- Inhibition of COX activity in the gastrointestinal tract
Which of the following is a good reason to choose acetaminophen over aspirin?
Which of the following is a good reason to choose acetaminophen over aspirin?
- It has clinically useful anti-inflammatory actions
- It does not suppress platelet aggregation (correct)
- It carries a risk of gastric ulceration
- It can cause renal impairment
What is a major disadvantage of acetaminophen compared to other analgesics?
What is a major disadvantage of acetaminophen compared to other analgesics?
- Significant renal impairment
- Severe liver injury in overdose (correct)
- Increased risk of bleeding
- Gastric ulceration
Who should avoid taking acetaminophen?
Who should avoid taking acetaminophen?
Which of the following is NOT a common risk associated with the overdose of acetaminophen?
Which of the following is NOT a common risk associated with the overdose of acetaminophen?
What is one of the key limitations of using acetaminophen for pain relief?
What is one of the key limitations of using acetaminophen for pain relief?
Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic in the US. What should patients taking it be cautious about?
Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic in the US. What should patients taking it be cautious about?
Which of the following statements about the long-term use of acetaminophen is true?
Which of the following statements about the long-term use of acetaminophen is true?
What is the primary function of H1 receptors?
What is the primary function of H1 receptors?
Which of the following factors is most likely to trigger histamine release?
Which of the following factors is most likely to trigger histamine release?
How do antihistamines primarily work in the body?
How do antihistamines primarily work in the body?
What is the most critical laboratory test for a patient on tacrolimus therapy to monitor?
What is the most critical laboratory test for a patient on tacrolimus therapy to monitor?
Which side effect is associated with methotrexate usage?
Which side effect is associated with methotrexate usage?
When should tacrolimus be administered for optimal absorption?
When should tacrolimus be administered for optimal absorption?
What is a potential consequence of nephrotoxic agents like NSAIDs when taken concurrently with certain medications?
What is a potential consequence of nephrotoxic agents like NSAIDs when taken concurrently with certain medications?
Which statement correctly describes an effect of histamine on the body?
Which statement correctly describes an effect of histamine on the body?
What is the primary reason for limiting alcohol intake while taking acetaminophen?
What is the primary reason for limiting alcohol intake while taking acetaminophen?
Why is acetaminophen not advised for long-term use?
Why is acetaminophen not advised for long-term use?
What is a common sign that may indicate liver toxicity?
What is a common sign that may indicate liver toxicity?
Which of the following statements regarding NSAIDs is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding NSAIDs is correct?
What does the Beers Criteria primarily assess?
What does the Beers Criteria primarily assess?
What age is typically considered as 'elderly' in medical guidelines?
What age is typically considered as 'elderly' in medical guidelines?
Which mechanism is characteristic of antihistamines?
Which mechanism is characteristic of antihistamines?
How often does the American Geriatrics Society update the Beers Criteria?
How often does the American Geriatrics Society update the Beers Criteria?
What is a critical reason the nurse should communicate with the client and provider regarding the use of Hydrocodone 10mg/Acetaminophen 300mg?
What is a critical reason the nurse should communicate with the client and provider regarding the use of Hydrocodone 10mg/Acetaminophen 300mg?
Which medication can reverse acetaminophen overdose?
Which medication can reverse acetaminophen overdose?
What is a common side effect of acetylcysteine when administered orally?
What is a common side effect of acetylcysteine when administered orally?
When using Arthriten medication, what dosage might put the client at risk of exceeding acetaminophen limits?
When using Arthriten medication, what dosage might put the client at risk of exceeding acetaminophen limits?
Which statement about antihistamine mechanisms is accurate?
Which statement about antihistamine mechanisms is accurate?
What should the nurse assess when monitoring a patient for hepatotoxicity related to acetaminophen use?
What should the nurse assess when monitoring a patient for hepatotoxicity related to acetaminophen use?
What precaution should the nurse take regarding the interaction of Arthriten with Acetaminophen?
What precaution should the nurse take regarding the interaction of Arthriten with Acetaminophen?
What should the nurse communicate to a patient regarding PRN medication usage?
What should the nurse communicate to a patient regarding PRN medication usage?
What is one of the primary toxic side effects associated with both cyclosporine and tacrolimus?
What is one of the primary toxic side effects associated with both cyclosporine and tacrolimus?
Which patient symptom should be reported immediately if experienced during immunosuppressive therapy?
Which patient symptom should be reported immediately if experienced during immunosuppressive therapy?
What monitoring is required due to the hepatotoxic effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus?
What monitoring is required due to the hepatotoxic effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus?
What side effect may occur as a result of the neurotoxicity associated with immunosuppressive therapy?
What side effect may occur as a result of the neurotoxicity associated with immunosuppressive therapy?
Which combination poses an increased risk of developing malignant lymphomas?
Which combination poses an increased risk of developing malignant lymphomas?
What should be done for a patient experiencing anaphylactic symptoms after medication administration?
What should be done for a patient experiencing anaphylactic symptoms after medication administration?
Which aspect of patient education is crucial for those on long-term immunosuppressive therapy post-transplant?
Which aspect of patient education is crucial for those on long-term immunosuppressive therapy post-transplant?
What impact might tacrolimus have on a patient's blood glucose levels?
What impact might tacrolimus have on a patient's blood glucose levels?
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Study Notes
Acetaminophen Considerations
- Acetaminophen can be taken with or without food, but alcohol consumption should be limited to avoid liver stress.
- Long-term use of acetaminophen poses risks of liver toxicity.
- Jaundice is a significant sign of liver toxicity that should be reported to healthcare providers.
Beers Criteria for Elderly Medication Use
- Updated every three years by the American Geriatrics Society.
- Elderly is defined as those aged 65 and above.
- The list includes almost 100 medications where risks outweigh benefits.
Acetaminophen and Hydrocodone Considerations
- Surgical teams sometimes prescribe Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (like Vicodin) every 4-6 hours post-surgery.
- Be cautious of cumulative acetaminophen intake; exceeds the maximum safe dose when combined with PRN use.
Acetaminophen Reversal Agent
- Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose, effective in preventing liver uptake but has an unpleasant odor.
Acetaminophen Mechanism of Action
- Reduces prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system.
- Its analgesic mechanism is not solely due to COX activity inhibition, which remains partially understood.
Acetaminophen vs Aspirin
- Both serve as analgesics and antipyretics, but acetaminophen is preferable due to:
- No risk of bleeding or gastric ulceration.
- Does not reduce renal blood flow.
- However, it lacks anti-inflammatory properties, and overdose can cause severe liver damage.
Acetaminophen Dosing Guidelines
- Most widely used analgesic in the U.S.
- Maximum allowable dose must be known for safe administration.
Contraindications for Acetaminophen
- Individuals consuming more than three alcoholic drinks daily, those with liver disease, or taking other acetaminophen-containing medications should avoid its use.
Monitoring for Nephrotoxicity
- Tacrolimus users undergoing immunosuppressive therapy should have creatinine levels monitored because of the high risk for nephrotoxicity.
Side Effects of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus
- Main side effects include nephrotoxicity, increased risk of infections, and potential carcinogenic effects.
- Monitoring renal function (BUN and creatinine) and liver function tests (LFTs) is crucial.
Anaphylactic Reactions to Medications
- Symptoms include flushing, respiratory distress, hypotension, and tachycardia.
- Immediate treatment involves discontinuing the medication and administering fluids and epinephrine.
Nursing Education for Transplant Patients
- Emphasize the importance of adhering to immunosuppressant therapy to mitigate risks of renal damage and infections post-transplant.
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