Medication Guidelines Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of acetaminophen?

Decreasing prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system (correct)

Suppressing platelet aggregation

Blocking H1 and H2 receptors

Inhibition of COX activity in the gastrointestinal tract

Which of the following is a good reason to choose acetaminophen over aspirin?

It has clinically useful anti-inflammatory actions

It does not suppress platelet aggregation (correct)

It carries a risk of gastric ulceration

It can cause renal impairment

What is a major disadvantage of acetaminophen compared to other analgesics?

Significant renal impairment

Severe liver injury in overdose (correct)

Increased risk of bleeding

Gastric ulceration

Who should avoid taking acetaminophen?

People who drink more than 3 alcoholic drinks per day Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common risk associated with the overdose of acetaminophen?

Gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key limitations of using acetaminophen for pain relief?

It has no meaningful anti-inflammatory or antirheumatic actions Signup and view all the answers

Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic in the US. What should patients taking it be cautious about?

Overconsumption leading to liver damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the long-term use of acetaminophen is true?

It should be avoided in patients with liver disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of H1 receptors?

Mediating allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is most likely to trigger histamine release?

Exposure to allergens Signup and view all the answers

How do antihistamines primarily work in the body?

By blocking H1 receptor sites Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical laboratory test for a patient on tacrolimus therapy to monitor?

Serum creatinine Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with methotrexate usage?

Hepatotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

When should tacrolimus be administered for optimal absorption?

On an empty stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of nephrotoxic agents like NSAIDs when taken concurrently with certain medications?

Increased risk of renal damage Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes an effect of histamine on the body?

Histamine induces vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for limiting alcohol intake while taking acetaminophen?

Alcohol creates additional stress on the liver Signup and view all the answers

Why is acetaminophen not advised for long-term use?

It may lead to liver toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign that may indicate liver toxicity?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding NSAIDs is correct?

NSAIDs are best taken with food Signup and view all the answers

What does the Beers Criteria primarily assess?

Potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults Signup and view all the answers

What age is typically considered as 'elderly' in medical guidelines?

65 years Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is characteristic of antihistamines?

Blocking H1 receptors Signup and view all the answers

How often does the American Geriatrics Society update the Beers Criteria?

Every three years Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical reason the nurse should communicate with the client and provider regarding the use of Hydrocodone 10mg/Acetaminophen 300mg?

The overall daily dosage exceeds the maximum safe dose of acetaminophen. Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can reverse acetaminophen overdose?

Acetylcysteine Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of acetylcysteine when administered orally?

Nausea and a smell of rotten eggs Signup and view all the answers

When using Arthriten medication, what dosage might put the client at risk of exceeding acetaminophen limits?

2 pills every 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about antihistamine mechanisms is accurate?

They block histamine from binding to its receptors. Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse assess when monitoring a patient for hepatotoxicity related to acetaminophen use?

Liver enzyme levels Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should the nurse take regarding the interaction of Arthriten with Acetaminophen?

Contact the pharmacist about potential overdose. Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse communicate to a patient regarding PRN medication usage?

Using it excessively may lead to overdose risks. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary toxic side effects associated with both cyclosporine and tacrolimus?

Nephrotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which patient symptom should be reported immediately if experienced during immunosuppressive therapy?

Flu-like symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring is required due to the hepatotoxic effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus?

Liver function tests Signup and view all the answers

What side effect may occur as a result of the neurotoxicity associated with immunosuppressive therapy?

Insomnia Signup and view all the answers

Which combination poses an increased risk of developing malignant lymphomas?

Immunosuppressants combined with other immunosuppressants Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a patient experiencing anaphylactic symptoms after medication administration?

Stop treatment and give fluids and epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of patient education is crucial for those on long-term immunosuppressive therapy post-transplant?

Patients must adhere to their medication regimen to minimize risks Signup and view all the answers

What impact might tacrolimus have on a patient's blood glucose levels?

Hyperglycemia is a risk with tacrolimus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acetaminophen Considerations

Acetaminophen can be taken with or without food, but alcohol consumption should be limited to avoid liver stress.
Long-term use of acetaminophen poses risks of liver toxicity.
Jaundice is a significant sign of liver toxicity that should be reported to healthcare providers.

Beers Criteria for Elderly Medication Use

Updated every three years by the American Geriatrics Society.
Elderly is defined as those aged 65 and above.
The list includes almost 100 medications where risks outweigh benefits.

Acetaminophen and Hydrocodone Considerations

Surgical teams sometimes prescribe Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (like Vicodin) every 4-6 hours post-surgery.
Be cautious of cumulative acetaminophen intake; exceeds the maximum safe dose when combined with PRN use.

Acetaminophen Reversal Agent

Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose, effective in preventing liver uptake but has an unpleasant odor.

Acetaminophen Mechanism of Action

Reduces prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system.
Its analgesic mechanism is not solely due to COX activity inhibition, which remains partially understood.

Acetaminophen vs Aspirin

Both serve as analgesics and antipyretics, but acetaminophen is preferable due to:
- No risk of bleeding or gastric ulceration.
- Does not reduce renal blood flow.
However, it lacks anti-inflammatory properties, and overdose can cause severe liver damage.

Acetaminophen Dosing Guidelines

Most widely used analgesic in the U.S.
Maximum allowable dose must be known for safe administration.

Contraindications for Acetaminophen

Individuals consuming more than three alcoholic drinks daily, those with liver disease, or taking other acetaminophen-containing medications should avoid its use.

Monitoring for Nephrotoxicity

Tacrolimus users undergoing immunosuppressive therapy should have creatinine levels monitored because of the high risk for nephrotoxicity.

Side Effects of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus

Main side effects include nephrotoxicity, increased risk of infections, and potential carcinogenic effects.
Monitoring renal function (BUN and creatinine) and liver function tests (LFTs) is crucial.

Anaphylactic Reactions to Medications

Symptoms include flushing, respiratory distress, hypotension, and tachycardia.
Immediate treatment involves discontinuing the medication and administering fluids and epinephrine.

Nursing Education for Transplant Patients

Emphasize the importance of adhering to immunosuppressant therapy to mitigate risks of renal damage and infections post-transplant.

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Description

Test your understanding of medication guidelines and proper usage. This quiz covers key points about acetaminophen, alcohol, and managing pain effectively. Pay close attention to the recommendations for safe medication practices.