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Hospitals and Ambulatory Care

Learn about the changes made to Medicare Part A in 1983 when it switched to Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs). Understand how hospitals operated under the new system, becoming more efficient and shifting services to pre and post admissions. Explore the impact on inpatient care and the adoption of DRGs by private third-party payers.

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of primary care services for adults could non-physician providers (NPs, PAs) perform according to the text?

75%

In a private medical practice partnership, how many physicians are typically involved?

Two physicians

What type of health plan pre-pays providers in an HMO?

Patients

What is the main reason Ambulatory Surgery Centers are preferred by 3rd party payers?

<p>Lower cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cases require immediate medical care according to the text?

<p>Emergent cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criterion for determining eligibility for services at Neighborhood and Community Health Centers?

<p>High infant mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program was established in 1992 to reduce pharmaceutical expenses for safety-net programs?

<p>$340B Discount Drug Pricing Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many hospitals are covered by the Indian Health Services (IHS) for Native American tribes according to the text?

<p>49 hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a service provided by Ambulatory Pharmacy Services?

<p>Surgical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of pharmaceutical care?

<p>Enhancing clinical training for pharmacists</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Ambulatory Pharmacy Services, which drug category is specifically mentioned in the text as part of infused therapies?

<p>Monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of clinics are involved in interdisciplinary practice with physicians and other health care providers?

<p>Primary-care and Family Practice clinics</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to a Gallup Poll, pharmacists are among the most trusted individuals in society due to their:

<p>Accessibility and trustworthiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals is eligible for Medication Therapy Management under Medicare Part D according to the text?

<p>$5,330 annual prescription drug costs exceeding recipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the pioneers of pharmaceutical care, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Dr. Charles D. Hepler &amp; Dr. Linda Strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main requirement triggered by pharmaceutical care that necessitated more clinical training for pharmacists?

<p>A commitment to higher patient care standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Medicare Part A changing to DRGs have on hospitals?

<p>Caused hospitals to eat the difference if the cost was more</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a managed care cost containment measure adopted by private 3rd party payers?

<p>Capitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of horizontal integration in hospitals?

<p>To affiliate with other hospitals to improve efficiency and purchasing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are teaching hospitals classified based on their association with medical education?

<p>They serve as clinical training sites for physicians and are affiliated with medical schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one responsibility of the Director of Pharmacy in a hospital setting?

<p>Set quality standards, policies, and procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of pharmacy technicians in a hospital's drug distribution system?

<p>Manage inventory and dispense medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which service falls under non-distributive responsibilities of clinical pharmacists in a hospital?

<p>Conducting drug therapy monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common function of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in a hospital?

<p>Review drug therapy protocols and determine hospital formulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the role and function of the modern hospital?

<p>Changes in financing of health care</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the adoption of the germ theory of diseases impact hospitals?

<p>Improved aseptic and surgical techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major impact of health insurance becoming more common on hospitals?

<p>Stabilization of finances</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Flexner Report influence hospitals?

<p>Changed medical education</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of facilities were hospitals originally in the historical perspective described?

<p>Almshouses and pesthouses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor led to increased demand for healthcare services according to the text?

<p>Health insurance removing barriers to care</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did health insurance impact the financial stability of hospitals?

<p>Reduced reliance on charity and patient's ability to pay</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major advancement resulted from the adoption of the germ theory of diseases?

<p>Improved aseptic/antiseptic practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medical testing was typically done as a hospital admission in the early days of insurance coverage?

<p>Routine medical testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Act financed a significant portion of the expansion of the health care infrastructure after insurance started covering only hospitalizations?

<p>The Hill-Burton Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major shift occurred in hospitals due to immunizations, antibiotics, and public health systems?

<p>Shift from acute infectious diseases to chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way were hospitals primarily paid despite the rise of managed care in the 1970s?

<p>Retrospectively on a fee-for-service basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of hospitals has been a significant focus of technology and innovation?

<p>Surgery and research</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major consequences of insurance initially only covering hospitalizations in terms of medical testing?

<p>Increased demand for hospital beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor became more influential in the 1970s despite hospitals primarily being paid retrospectively on a fee-for-service basis?

<p>Managed care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to a transformation in the types of diseases predominantly seen in hospitals from acute infectious diseases to chronic diseases?

<p>Immunizations and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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