Medical Word Elements Chapter 4
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Questions and Answers

What does the prefix cyt/o mean?

cell

What does hist/o refer to?

tissue

What does the prefix kart/o indicate?

nucleus

What does nucle/o mean?

<p>pertaining to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anter/o mean?

<p>anterior, front</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does caud/o refer to?

<p>tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cephal/o mean?

<p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dist/o indicate?

<p>far, farthest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dors/o refer to?

<p>back (of the body)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does infer/o mean?

<p>lower, below</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does later/o indicate?

<p>side, to one side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does medi/o refer to?

<p>middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does poster/o mean?

<p>back (of body), behind</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does proxim/o indicate?

<p>near, nearest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ventr/o mean?

<p>belly, belly side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does abdomin/o refer to?

<p>abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cervic/o mean?

<p>neck, cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does crani/o indicate?

<p>cranium (skull)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gastr/o mean?

<p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ili/o refer to?

<p>ilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does inguin/o indicate?

<p>groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lumb/o mean?

<p>loins (lower back)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pelv/i refer to?

<p>pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pelv/o mean?

<p>pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does spin/o indicate?

<p>spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does thorac/o mean?

<p>chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does umbilic/o indicate?

<p>umbilicus, navel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does albin/o mean?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does leuk/o refer to?

<p>white cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does chlor/o mean?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does chrom/o indicate?

<p>color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cirrh/o mean?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does jaund/o signify?

<p>yellowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does xanth/o mean?

<p>abnormal condition of yellow(ness)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cyan/o refer to?

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does eryth/o indicate?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does melan/o mean?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does poli/o refer to?

<p>gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does acr/o mean?

<p>extremity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does eti/o refer to?

<p>cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does idi/o mean?

<p>unknown, peculiar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does morph/o signify?

<p>form, shape, structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does path/o mean?

<p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does radi/o indicate?

<p>radiation, x-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does somat/o mean?

<p>body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does son/o indicate?

<p>sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tom/o mean?

<p>to cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does viscer/o refer to?

<p>internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does xer/o mean?

<p>dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -genesis mean?

<p>forming, producing, origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -gnosis indicate?

<p>knowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -gram mean?

<p>record, writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -graph indicate?

<p>instrument for recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -graphy mean?

<p>process of recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -logist indicate?

<p>specialist in the study of</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -logy mean?

<p>study of</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -meter signify?

<p>instrument for measuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -metry indicate?

<p>act of measuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -pathy mean?

<p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ab- refer to?

<p>from, away from</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ad- mean?

<p>toward</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hetero- indicate?

<p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeo- mean?

<p>same, alike</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does infra- mean?

<p>below, under</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does peri- refer to?

<p>around</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does super- mean?

<p>upper, above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does trans- indicate?

<p>across, through</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ultra- mean?

<p>excess, beyond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Word Elements

  • cyt/o: Refers to a cell; example: cytologist is a specialist in the study of cells.

  • hist/o: Pertains to tissue; example: histology is the study of tissues.

  • kary/o: Denotes nucleus; example: karyolysis indicates the destruction of the nucleus, leading to cell death.

  • nucle/o: Related to the nucleus; example: nuclear means pertaining to the nucleus.

  • anter/o: Indicates anterior or front; example: anterior refers to the front part of the body.

  • caud/o: Signifies tail; caudad means toward the tail, opposite of cranial.

  • cephal/o: Relates to the head; cephalad means toward the head.

  • dist/o: Means far or farthest; distal describes a point farthest from the center of the body, such as fingers being distal to the wrist.

  • dors/o: Refers to the back of the body; dorsal pertains to the back side.

  • infer/o: Indicates lower or below; inferior means pertaining to a lower structure or surface.

  • later/o: Relates to the side; lateral refers to something pertaining to the side of the body.

  • medi/o: Signifies middle; medial means toward the middle of the body.

  • poster/o: Refers to the back of the body; posterior pertains to something at the back.

  • proxim/o: Indicates near or nearest; proximal refers to the point closest to the center of the body.

  • ventr/o: Denotes belly or front side; ventral pertains to the belly side of the body.

  • abdomin/o: Relates to the abdomen; abdominal pertains to the area of the abdomen.

  • cervic/o: Refers to the neck; cervical pertains to the neck or cervix of the uterus.

  • crani/o: Signifies cranium or skull; cranial means pertaining to the skull.

  • gastr/o: Relates to the stomach; hypogastric refers to the area below the stomach.

  • ili/o: Pertains to the ilium, a part of the hip bone; iliac means related to the ilium.

  • inguin/o: Refers to the groin; inguinal pertains to the groin area.

  • lumb/o: Relates to the lower back; lumbar pertains to the loins.

  • pelv/i: Pertains to the pelvis; pelvimeter refers to an instrument used to measure the pelvis.

  • pelv/o: Signifies relating to the pelvis; pelvic pertains to the anatomical region of the pelvis.

  • spin/o: Refers to the spine; spinal pertains to the spine structure.

  • thorac/o: Denotes chest; thoracic refers to the area of the chest.

  • umbilic/o: Relates to the umbilicus or navel; umbilical pertains to this area.

  • albin/o: Refers to white; albinism is a condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation.

  • leuk/o: Pertains to white; leukocyte means a white blood cell.

  • chlor/o: Signifies green; chloropia refers to a disorder where objects appear green.

  • chrom/o: Relates to color; heterochromia refers to having different colors in the eyes.

  • cirrh/o: Denotes yellow; cirrhosis indicates a condition causing abnormal yellowing of the skin and eyes.

  • jaund/o: Refers to yellow; jaundice results from an obstruction in bile passageways.

  • xanth/o: Indicates an abnormal condition of yellow; xanthosis is often associated with tumors.

  • cyan/o: Pertains to blue; cyanotic means having a bluish tint, commonly due to oxygen deficiency.

  • erythr/o: Relates to red; erythrocyte refers to a red blood cell.

  • melan/o: Signifies black; melanoma is a type of malignancy arising from melanocytes.

  • poli/o: Relates to gray; poliomyelitis refers to inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

  • acr/o: Refers to extremity; acrocyanosis is a condition where extremities appear blue.

  • eti/o: Pertains to cause; etiology is the study of the causes of diseases.

  • idi/o: Indicates unknown; idiopathic pertains to diseases without a known cause.

  • morph/o: Refers to form or shape; morphology is the study of the forms and structures.

  • path/o: Denotes disease; pathologist specializes in the study of diseases.

  • radi/o: Relates to radiation or x-rays; radiologist specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases through imaging.

  • somat/o: Refers to body; somatic means pertaining to the body.

  • son/o: Indicates sound; sonography is the process of recording sound waves for imaging.

  • tom/o: Related to cutting; tomography involves creating images in slices to visualize structures.

  • viscer/o: Denotes internal organs; visceral refers to the organs within the cavities.

  • xer/o: Relates to dryness; xerosis describes abnormal dryness of the skin and membranes.

  • -genesis: Indicates forming or producing; pathogenesis refers to the origin of disease.

  • -gnosis: Relates to knowing; prognosis predicts the course of a disease.

  • -gram: Means record or writing; arteriogram is a record of an artery.

  • -graph: Refers to an instrument for recording; radiograph is an instrument that records x-rays.

  • -graphy: Pertains to the process of recording; arthrography records images of joints.

  • -logist: Signifies a specialist; dermatologist specializes in skin health.

  • -logy: Relates to the study of; hematology is the study of blood.

  • -meter: Indicates an instrument for measuring; thermometer measures heat.

  • -metry: Refers to the act of measuring; ventriculometry measures the brain's ventricles.

  • -pathy: Relates to disease; gastropathy describes diseases of the stomach.

  • ab-: Denotes away from; abduction is moving away from the midline of the body.

  • ad-: Means toward; adduction is moving toward the midline of the body.

  • hetero-: Signifies different; heteromorphic indicates different forms.

  • homeo-: Refers to same or alike; homeoplasia refers to the formation of the same type of tissue.

  • infra-: Denotes below or under; infracostal refers to the area beneath the ribs.

  • peri-: Indicates around; periumbilical means around the umbilicus.

  • super-: Refers to upper or above; superior pertains to the upper area.

  • trans-: Denotes across or through; transabdominal means across or through the abdomen.

  • ultra-: Signifies beyond; ultrasonic refers to sound frequencies beyond human hearing.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key medical word elements with this quiz based on Chapter 4. Each flashcard provides a root word along with its definition, helping you enhance your understanding of medical terminology. Perfect for students in the medical field or anyone interested in learning more about healthcare vocabulary.

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