Questions and Answers
What does the prefix cyt/o mean?
cell
What does hist/o refer to?
tissue
What does the prefix kart/o indicate?
nucleus
What does nucle/o mean?
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What does anter/o mean?
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What does caud/o refer to?
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What does cephal/o mean?
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What does dist/o indicate?
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What does dors/o refer to?
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What does infer/o mean?
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What does later/o indicate?
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What does medi/o refer to?
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What does poster/o mean?
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What does proxim/o indicate?
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What does ventr/o mean?
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What does abdomin/o refer to?
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What does cervic/o mean?
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What does crani/o indicate?
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What does gastr/o mean?
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What does ili/o refer to?
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What does inguin/o indicate?
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What does lumb/o mean?
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What does pelv/i refer to?
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What does pelv/o mean?
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What does spin/o indicate?
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What does thorac/o mean?
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What does umbilic/o indicate?
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What does albin/o mean?
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What does leuk/o refer to?
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What does chlor/o mean?
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What does chrom/o indicate?
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What does cirrh/o mean?
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What does jaund/o signify?
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What does xanth/o mean?
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What does cyan/o refer to?
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What does eryth/o indicate?
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What does melan/o mean?
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What does poli/o refer to?
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What does acr/o mean?
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What does eti/o refer to?
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What does idi/o mean?
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What does morph/o signify?
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What does path/o mean?
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What does radi/o indicate?
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What does somat/o mean?
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What does son/o indicate?
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What does tom/o mean?
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What does viscer/o refer to?
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What does xer/o mean?
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What does -genesis mean?
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What does -gnosis indicate?
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What does -gram mean?
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What does -graph indicate?
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What does -graphy mean?
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What does -logist indicate?
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What does -logy mean?
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What does -meter signify?
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What does -metry indicate?
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What does -pathy mean?
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What does ab- refer to?
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What does ad- mean?
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What does hetero- indicate?
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What does homeo- mean?
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What does infra- mean?
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What does peri- refer to?
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What does super- mean?
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What does trans- indicate?
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What does ultra- mean?
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Study Notes
Medical Word Elements
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cyt/o: Refers to a cell; example: cytologist is a specialist in the study of cells.
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hist/o: Pertains to tissue; example: histology is the study of tissues.
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kary/o: Denotes nucleus; example: karyolysis indicates the destruction of the nucleus, leading to cell death.
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nucle/o: Related to the nucleus; example: nuclear means pertaining to the nucleus.
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anter/o: Indicates anterior or front; example: anterior refers to the front part of the body.
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caud/o: Signifies tail; caudad means toward the tail, opposite of cranial.
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cephal/o: Relates to the head; cephalad means toward the head.
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dist/o: Means far or farthest; distal describes a point farthest from the center of the body, such as fingers being distal to the wrist.
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dors/o: Refers to the back of the body; dorsal pertains to the back side.
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infer/o: Indicates lower or below; inferior means pertaining to a lower structure or surface.
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later/o: Relates to the side; lateral refers to something pertaining to the side of the body.
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medi/o: Signifies middle; medial means toward the middle of the body.
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poster/o: Refers to the back of the body; posterior pertains to something at the back.
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proxim/o: Indicates near or nearest; proximal refers to the point closest to the center of the body.
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ventr/o: Denotes belly or front side; ventral pertains to the belly side of the body.
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abdomin/o: Relates to the abdomen; abdominal pertains to the area of the abdomen.
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cervic/o: Refers to the neck; cervical pertains to the neck or cervix of the uterus.
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crani/o: Signifies cranium or skull; cranial means pertaining to the skull.
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gastr/o: Relates to the stomach; hypogastric refers to the area below the stomach.
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ili/o: Pertains to the ilium, a part of the hip bone; iliac means related to the ilium.
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inguin/o: Refers to the groin; inguinal pertains to the groin area.
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lumb/o: Relates to the lower back; lumbar pertains to the loins.
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pelv/i: Pertains to the pelvis; pelvimeter refers to an instrument used to measure the pelvis.
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pelv/o: Signifies relating to the pelvis; pelvic pertains to the anatomical region of the pelvis.
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spin/o: Refers to the spine; spinal pertains to the spine structure.
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thorac/o: Denotes chest; thoracic refers to the area of the chest.
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umbilic/o: Relates to the umbilicus or navel; umbilical pertains to this area.
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albin/o: Refers to white; albinism is a condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation.
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leuk/o: Pertains to white; leukocyte means a white blood cell.
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chlor/o: Signifies green; chloropia refers to a disorder where objects appear green.
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chrom/o: Relates to color; heterochromia refers to having different colors in the eyes.
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cirrh/o: Denotes yellow; cirrhosis indicates a condition causing abnormal yellowing of the skin and eyes.
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jaund/o: Refers to yellow; jaundice results from an obstruction in bile passageways.
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xanth/o: Indicates an abnormal condition of yellow; xanthosis is often associated with tumors.
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cyan/o: Pertains to blue; cyanotic means having a bluish tint, commonly due to oxygen deficiency.
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erythr/o: Relates to red; erythrocyte refers to a red blood cell.
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melan/o: Signifies black; melanoma is a type of malignancy arising from melanocytes.
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poli/o: Relates to gray; poliomyelitis refers to inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
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acr/o: Refers to extremity; acrocyanosis is a condition where extremities appear blue.
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eti/o: Pertains to cause; etiology is the study of the causes of diseases.
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idi/o: Indicates unknown; idiopathic pertains to diseases without a known cause.
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morph/o: Refers to form or shape; morphology is the study of the forms and structures.
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path/o: Denotes disease; pathologist specializes in the study of diseases.
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radi/o: Relates to radiation or x-rays; radiologist specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases through imaging.
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somat/o: Refers to body; somatic means pertaining to the body.
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son/o: Indicates sound; sonography is the process of recording sound waves for imaging.
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tom/o: Related to cutting; tomography involves creating images in slices to visualize structures.
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viscer/o: Denotes internal organs; visceral refers to the organs within the cavities.
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xer/o: Relates to dryness; xerosis describes abnormal dryness of the skin and membranes.
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-genesis: Indicates forming or producing; pathogenesis refers to the origin of disease.
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-gnosis: Relates to knowing; prognosis predicts the course of a disease.
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-gram: Means record or writing; arteriogram is a record of an artery.
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-graph: Refers to an instrument for recording; radiograph is an instrument that records x-rays.
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-graphy: Pertains to the process of recording; arthrography records images of joints.
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-logist: Signifies a specialist; dermatologist specializes in skin health.
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-logy: Relates to the study of; hematology is the study of blood.
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-meter: Indicates an instrument for measuring; thermometer measures heat.
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-metry: Refers to the act of measuring; ventriculometry measures the brain's ventricles.
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-pathy: Relates to disease; gastropathy describes diseases of the stomach.
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ab-: Denotes away from; abduction is moving away from the midline of the body.
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ad-: Means toward; adduction is moving toward the midline of the body.
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hetero-: Signifies different; heteromorphic indicates different forms.
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homeo-: Refers to same or alike; homeoplasia refers to the formation of the same type of tissue.
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infra-: Denotes below or under; infracostal refers to the area beneath the ribs.
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peri-: Indicates around; periumbilical means around the umbilicus.
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super-: Refers to upper or above; superior pertains to the upper area.
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trans-: Denotes across or through; transabdominal means across or through the abdomen.
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ultra-: Signifies beyond; ultrasonic refers to sound frequencies beyond human hearing.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of key medical word elements with this quiz based on Chapter 4. Each flashcard provides a root word along with its definition, helping you enhance your understanding of medical terminology. Perfect for students in the medical field or anyone interested in learning more about healthcare vocabulary.
