Medical triads, tetrads, and pentads Quiz

Medical Triads

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Triad: hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank pain
Achalasia Triad: increased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone, decreased LES relaxation, aperistalsis
Allergic Triad: eczema (atopic dermatitis), allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma
Alkaptonuria Triad: ochronotic arthritis, ochronotic pigmentation, urine darkens on standing
Amyand's Triad: Amyand's hernia, appendicitis, undescended testis
Anderson Triad: subcutaneous emphysema, rapid respiration, abdominal rigidity (likely from esophageal rupture)
Austrian Syndrome Triad: pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis (all caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae)
Beck's Triad: muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension (indicative of cardiac tamponade)
Budd-Chiari Syndrome Triad: abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Charcot's Cholangitis Triad: right upper quadrant pain, fever, jaundice
Charcot's Neurologic Triad: scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus (associated with multiple sclerosis)
Congenital Toxoplasmosis Triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
Congenital Rubella Triad: cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, sensorineural hearing loss
Congestive Heart Failure Triad: tachycardia, tachypnea, tender hepatomegaly
Cushing's Triad: bradycardia, bradypnea, hypertension (indicative of increased intracranial pressure)
Danny's Triad: painful urination, testicular pain, diarrhea (often related to chlamydia)
Dieulafoy's Triad: hyperesthesia of the skin, exquisite tenderness, guarding over McBurney's point (acute appendicitis)
Dietl's Crisis: renal colic, swelling in the loin (resolves after urination)
Fanconi Syndrome Triad: aminoaciduria, proteinuria, phosphaturia
Female Athlete Triad: eating disorders, amenorrhea, decreased bone mineral density
Felty's Triad: rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
Gradenigo's Triad: sixth cranial nerve palsy, persistent ear discharge, deep-seated retro-orbital pain
Graves Disease Triad: goiter, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema
Opioid Overdose Triad: respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, CNS depression
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Triad: focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airway, necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Hakim Triad (Adams Triad): urinary incontinence, gait disturbance, dementia (normal pressure hydrocephalus)
Sandblom Triad: melena, obstructive jaundice, biliary colic (hemobilia)
Meigs' Syndrome Triad: ascites, pleural effusion, benign ovarian tumor
Horner's Syndrome Triad: ptosis (droopy eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), anhidrosis (lack of sweating)
Hutchinson's Triad: Hutchinson's teeth, interstitial keratitis, nerve deafness (congenital syphilis)
Kartagener Syndrome Triad: bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, situs inversus
Leriche's Syndrome Triad: claudication, impotence, symmetric atrophy of lower extremities
Mackler's Triad: vomiting, pain, subcutaneous emphysema (Boerhaave syndrome)
Three C's of Measles: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Meltzer's Triad: purpura, arthralgias, weakness/myalgias (cryoglobulinemia)
Reactive Arthritis Triad: urethritis, conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis, arthritis
Saint's Triad: gallstones, diverticulosis, hiatus hernia
Samter's Triad: aspirin sensitivity, nasal polyps, asthma (aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease)
Tetany in Children Triad: stridor, carpopedal spasm, convulsions
Trauma Triad of Death: coagulopathy, hypothermia, acidosis
Albinism Triad: black locks, oculocutaneous albinism, sensorineural deafness
Alport Syndrome Triad: sensorineural deafness, progressive kidney failure, ocular anomalies
Behcet's Syndrome Triad: recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, iridocyclitis
Biotin Deficiency Triad: glossitis, alopecia, dermatitis
Henoch–Schönlein Purpura Triad: palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, arthralgias, abdominal pain
Hypernephroma Triad: pain, hematuria, renal mass
Kwashiorkor Triad: growth retardation, mental changes, edema
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome Triad: iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal webs
Renal Cell Carcinoma Triad: hematuria, palpable abdominal mass, flank pain
Trotter's Triad: conductive deafness, immobility of homolateral soft palate, trigeminal neuralgia
Unhappy Triad: injury to ACL, MCL, and meniscus (knee injury)
Virchow's Triad: stasis, hypercoagulability, vessel injury (venous thrombosis)
Wernicke Encephalopathy Triad: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
Whipple's Triad: hypoglycemia during attacks, symptoms resolution upon blood glucose correction, symptoms caused by low glucose states
Murphy's Triad: pain → vomiting → fever (acute appendicitis)
Tillaux's Triad: soft fluctuant umbilical swelling, swelling moves perpendicular to mesentery, zone of resonance around swelling
Rigler's Triad: small bowel obstruction, gallstone outside gallbladder, air in bile ducts
Wilkie's Syndrome: chronic peptic ulcer, chronic appendicitis, chronic calcular cholecystitis

Medical Tetrads

Tetralogy of Fallot: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta
Ménière's Disease Tetrad: vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating low-frequency hearing loss, aural fullness
Zoonotic Tetrad: scrub typhus, chiggers, rodents and birds, scrub vegetation

Medical Pentads

Pentad of TTP: fever, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, neurologic disturbances (mnemonic: FAT RN)
Pentalogy of Cantrell: omphalocele, anterior diaphragmatic hernia, sternal cleft, ectopia cordis, intracardiac defect