Medical Treatments and Medications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of thyroid replacement therapy?

To raise abnormally low levels of natural thyroid hormones in the body

What is the main function of glucocorticosteroids?

To treat allergy, asthma, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease

Why should patients be tapered off glucocorticoids slowly?

To avoid withdrawal symptoms

Why is it important to know the onset, peak, and duration of insulin action?

To choose and schedule mealtimes and daily routines Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 1 is an autoimmune condition where the body does not produce insulin, while Type 2 is a condition where the body does not use insulin properly Signup and view all the answers

What could occur at the peak action of insulin, and is a common adverse effect?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What combination of insulin can be mixed in an insulin syringe?

Fast-Acting and Slow-Acting Signup and view all the answers

What is the major side effect of cephalosporins?

Pseudomembranous colitis Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can be taken if allergic to penicillin?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for tuberculosis?

Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for viral meningitis?

Acyclovir Signup and view all the answers

What are the nursing interventions for high risk of constipation?

Encouraging high fiber diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of completing the full course of antibiotics?

To kill target organisms and prevent drug-resistant variants Signup and view all the answers

What do antacids and laxatives influence in the body?

Drug absorption and intestinal transit time Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by abrupt onset and little to no insulin production, while type 2 diabetes has an insidious, slow onset and below to above normal insulin. Signup and view all the answers

How is insulin ideally administered?

Insulin is ideally administered before meals. Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects of oral contraceptives?

Headaches, nausea, sore breasts Signup and view all the answers

How do proton pump inhibitors work?

Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid secretion in the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for erectile dysfunction?

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors such as Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra Signup and view all the answers

How is Famotidine (Pepcid AC) used to treat Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gerd?

Famotidine should be taken 30 minutes prior to eating. Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of antiemetics like Ondansetron?

Constipation Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects of antibiotics?

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

How is otitis media managed?

With various medications including systemic antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Benzoyl Peroxide?

Drying and shedding the outer layer of the epidermis, suppressing sebum, and killing bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main medication used to treat osteoporosis?

Bisphosphonates Signup and view all the answers

How is rheumatoid arthritis treated?

With NSAIDs, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, and DMARDs Signup and view all the answers

What is gout treated with?

NSAIDs and uric-acid inhibiting drugs like Allopurinol Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of contrast agents?

Headache, confusion, weakness, diarrhea, shortness of breath, and nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

How are contrast agents administered?

Via IV, oral, or rectal routes Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential adverse effect of Hydroxychloroquine?

Irreversible retinal damage Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Medical Treatment and Medications Summary

Throat pain, painful swallowing, red and swollen tonsils, tiny red spots, and fever are symptoms of tonsillitis, typically treated with Penicillin or Amoxicillin.
Common side effects of antibiotics include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, while adverse effects can include organ toxicity, anaphylaxis, and superinfection.
Acne is a skin condition caused by plugged hair follicles, leading to whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples.
Miosis is excessive constriction of the pupil, while mydriasis is dilation of the pupil.
Otitis externa is treated with analgesics, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, while otitis media is managed with various medications including systemic antibiotics.
Benzoyl Peroxide works by drying and shedding the outer layer of the epidermis, suppressing sebum, and killing bacteria.
Retinoids reduce the size of sebaceous glands, decrease oil production, and cause sun sensitivity, often combined with antibiotics.
Osteoporosis involves disrupted bone homeostasis, while osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease causing inflammation and cartilage breakdown.
Bisphosphonates are the most common medication used to treat osteoporosis, inhibiting bone reabsorption and increasing bone density.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease treated with NSAIDs, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
DMARDs are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, including conventional, biologic, and targeted synthetic types.
Gout is an acute arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints, treated with NSAIDs and uric-acid inhibiting drugs like Allopurinol.

Title: Diagnostic Imaging and Contrast Agents Summary

Diagnostic imaging includes X-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, MRI, and ultrasounds, which help visualize organs, blood vessels, or tissues.
Contrast agents, such as barium-sulphate compounds, iodine-based agents, and gadolinium-based agents, are used to enhance imaging and have specific administration routes and potential side effects.
Contrast agents are administered via IV, oral, or rectal routes and may cause common side effects like nausea and vomiting.
When administering contrast agents, it's important to ask about the use of metformin due to the potential risk of precipitating lactic acidosis, especially with decreased kidney function.
Potential side effects of contrast agents include headache, confusion, weakness, diarrhea, shortness of breath, and nausea and vomiting.

Title: Additional Medications Summary

Hydroxychloroquine, a non-biological DMARD, can cause irreversible retinal damage as an adverse effect.
Cerumenolytics are used to soften ear wax and can be water-based (e.g., Trieth