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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of dense connective tissue in tendons?
What is the primary function of dense connective tissue in tendons?
What is the characteristic of ligaments in dense connective tissue?
What is the characteristic of ligaments in dense connective tissue?
Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for thermoregulation and sensation?
Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for thermoregulation and sensation?
What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
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What type of epithelium is primarily found in the lining of the stomach and why is it important?
What type of epithelium is primarily found in the lining of the stomach and why is it important?
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Which type of epithelium primarily aids in the movement of particles and fluid due to the presence of cilia?
Which type of epithelium primarily aids in the movement of particles and fluid due to the presence of cilia?
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What is the primary function of transitional epithelium?
What is the primary function of transitional epithelium?
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What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?
What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?
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Where can glandular epithelium primarily be found?
Where can glandular epithelium primarily be found?
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Which type of epithelium is most commonly found in high-friction areas such as the esophagus?
Which type of epithelium is most commonly found in high-friction areas such as the esophagus?
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If a veterinarian instructs to focus on a structure 'distal to the elbow', which area should be examined?
If a veterinarian instructs to focus on a structure 'distal to the elbow', which area should be examined?
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Which of the following correctly describes the anatomical name for the shoulder blade?
Which of the following correctly describes the anatomical name for the shoulder blade?
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Which connective tissue type is known for its function in energy storage and temperature insulation?
Which connective tissue type is known for its function in energy storage and temperature insulation?
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When a dog is in dorsal recumbency, what does its position refer to?
When a dog is in dorsal recumbency, what does its position refer to?
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What type of cells are present in the myocardium?
What type of cells are present in the myocardium?
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Which of the following correctly describes the location of 'plantar' and 'palmar' surfaces?
Which of the following correctly describes the location of 'plantar' and 'palmar' surfaces?
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What is the structure of the wall mentioned in the content similar to?
What is the structure of the wall mentioned in the content similar to?
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What distinguishes the median plane from the sagittal plane?
What distinguishes the median plane from the sagittal plane?
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Which is the correct order for the regions of the vertebral column from cranial to caudal?
Which is the correct order for the regions of the vertebral column from cranial to caudal?
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Which type of connective tissue is the most widespread in the body and provides strength?
Which type of connective tissue is the most widespread in the body and provides strength?
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How would you explain 'myocarditis' to a pet owner?
How would you explain 'myocarditis' to a pet owner?
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Which bones are found below the tarsus in an equine distal limb?
Which bones are found below the tarsus in an equine distal limb?
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What is the characteristic feature of ciliated epithelium?
What is the characteristic feature of ciliated epithelium?
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What type of simple epithelium lines organs with absorptive or secretory functions?
What type of simple epithelium lines organs with absorptive or secretory functions?
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Which type of connective tissue acts as a protective layer surrounding organs?
Which type of connective tissue acts as a protective layer surrounding organs?
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What is the medical term for a slow heart rate?
What is the medical term for a slow heart rate?
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Which cavity is responsible for housing the heart and lungs?
Which cavity is responsible for housing the heart and lungs?
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The cavity in which the heart is located is known as what?
The cavity in which the heart is located is known as what?
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Which gland is unique to the canine reproductive system?
Which gland is unique to the canine reproductive system?
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Which external structure of the equine hoof is wedge-shaped and located between the bars?
Which external structure of the equine hoof is wedge-shaped and located between the bars?
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What hormone is known as the male equivalent of LH?
What hormone is known as the male equivalent of LH?
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What structure is formed by the division of the trachea into right and left passages?
What structure is formed by the division of the trachea into right and left passages?
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What type of ovulation occurs in canines?
What type of ovulation occurs in canines?
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Which part of the pharynx is directly involved in the respiratory function?
Which part of the pharynx is directly involved in the respiratory function?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering lactation?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering lactation?
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What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
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Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male reproductive anatomy in feline?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male reproductive anatomy in feline?
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How many lung lobes does a dog typically have on its left side?
How many lung lobes does a dog typically have on its left side?
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Which hormone is produced by the ovaries?
Which hormone is produced by the ovaries?
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What characterizes the oestrous cycle of felines?
What characterizes the oestrous cycle of felines?
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What feature differentiates bronchi from bronchioles?
What feature differentiates bronchi from bronchioles?
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At what approximate age do equines reach puberty?
At what approximate age do equines reach puberty?
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Which area of the pharynx serves as a shared region for both digestive and respiratory systems?
Which area of the pharynx serves as a shared region for both digestive and respiratory systems?
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What is the primary function of the pleural space?
What is the primary function of the pleural space?
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Which mammal has the least number of lung lobes on the left side?
Which mammal has the least number of lung lobes on the left side?
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Study Notes
Week 1 Terminology
- Prefixes are word parts added to the beginning of words. Examples included quadr/tetra, endo, ad, supra, hypo, dys, hyper, epi, ter/tri, uni/mono, anti, poly, bi/bin/di, brady, tachy
- Roots are the core of words. Examples include thyroid, cyto, chondr, cardio, derma, gastro, adreno, pulmon, myo, entero, osteo, colon, reno, ophtho, hepto.
- Suffixes are word parts added to the end of words. Examples include -ostomy, -ous, -ism/la, -centesis, -ectomy, -scopy, -itis, -ology, -ac/lous/ic, -o/o, -pety, -emia, -otomy, -rrhage.
- Examples of words using these parts include epistaxis, hypertension, apnoea, pneumothorax, emesis, haemorrhagic diarrhoea, orchitis, urticaria, anorexia, dystocia, rhabdomyolysis, dysphagia, hypovolaemia, hypothermia, pyrexia, bradycardia, ataxia, anuria.
Directional Terms
- Cranial (anterior): Towards the head
- Caudal (posterior): Towards the tail
- Rostral: Towards the nose
- Dorsal: Towards or near the back
- Ventral: Towards the belly
- Lateral: Away from the midline
- Medial: Towards the midline
- Superficial: Nearer the surface
- Deep: Further from the surface
- Proximal: Nearer the point of reference
- Distal: Further from the point of reference
- Dorsal (in relation to the limb): The front surface of the lower limb
- Palmar: The back or under surface of the lower forelimb area.
- Plantar: The back or under surface of the lower hindlimb area.
Anatomical Planes
- Median plane: A line that divides the body in half (right and left).
- Sagittal plane: Any line parallel to the median plane.
- Dorsal/Frontal plane: Parallel to the back of the animal.
- Transverse plane: Perpendicular to the long axis of the animal.
Recap Questions
- Surgery: Distal to the elbow
- Dorsal recumbency: Position of a dog lying on its back.
- Plant/Palmar surfaces: Plant/Palmar surfaces are referenced regarding the limb/hoof
- Median vs. Sagittal planes: Median is a specific sagittal plane, others may be parallel but not directly the vertical midline.
- Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle.
- Slow heart rate: Bradycardia
Week 2 - External landmarks, body cavities and the skeleton
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Body cavities: Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic.
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Thoracic cavity contains: Heart and associated structures, lungs
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Abdominal cavity contains: Digestive system and related glands.
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Pelvic cavity contains: Urinary bladder and some reproductive organs
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Coelomic cavity (birds/reptiles): Single body cavity without a diaphragm
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External Landmarks Diagrams are included: Provide specific locations relating to animal body parts for dog and horse.
Week 3 - Structure of the body
- Types of Epithelium: Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified, pseudostratified, ciliated, transitional, glandular.
- Functions and locations of epithelial cells are detailed.
Week 4 - Reproductive System
- Canine Male Anatomy: Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, bulbus glandis, penis.
- Feline Male Anatomy: Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, penis
- Equine Male Anatomy: Ampulla, vesicular gland(s), bulbourethral gland(s), glans penis.
- Feline Reproductive System: Ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva.
- Equine Reproductive System: Vagina, cervix, horns of uterus, ovary, fallopian tube
- Uterine Morphologies: Duplex, bipartite, bicornuate, simplex
- Reproductive Hormones: Anterior pituitary, ICSH, FSH, LH, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
- Lactation: Progesterone, prolactin, oxytocin
Week 5 - Respiratory System
- Pharynx: From nasal cavity, also shared with digestive system, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
- **Larynx:**Cartilaginous structure, epiglottis, vocal ligaments.
- Bronchi and Bronchioles: Trachea bifurcation, cartilage rings, smooth muscle, alveoli.
- Lung Lobes: Vary between species
- Pleura: Pulmonary pleura, visceral pleura, parietal pleura, pleural space
- Breathing summary: Diaphragm contraction, external intercostal muscles, inspiration, expiration.
- Recap Questions: Include identification or purpose(s) of specific parts or structures noted in earlier topics.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential medical terminology including prefixes, roots, and suffixes. This quiz covers various examples and directional terms vital for understanding medical language. Perfect for students in healthcare-related programs.
